This paper presents a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to monitor a pavement structure which contains artificial defects. A 25 m long pavement section has been built on the full scale accelerated pavement testing facility of IFSTTAR in Nantes. The structure is made of two bituminous layers (8 cm thick base layer, and 6 cm thick wearing course), over a granular subbase. Several types of defects have been included at the interface between the two asphalt layers (figure 1). Rectangular debonded areas of different size (of longitudinal or transversal direction) have been created artificially, using different techniques (sand, textile, absence of tack coat). The construction has been carried out by a road construction company, using standard road works equipment. Then, the pavement fatigue testing facility has been used to apply traffic loading on this pavement, to study the effect of such sliding interfaces on the mechanical behaviour of the pavement, and the evolution of the defects with traffic.