C. Bahlmann and H. Burkhardt, The writer independent online handwriting recognition system frog on hand and cluster generative statistical dynamic time warping, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.26, issue.3, pp.299-310, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1262308

M. Blumenstein, B. Verma, and H. Basli, A novel feature extraction technique for the recognition of segmented handwritten characters, Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2003. Proceedings., p.137, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDAR.2003.1227647

G. Boccignone, A. Chianese, L. Cordella, and A. Marcelli, Recovering dynamic information from static handwriting, Pattern Recognition, vol.26, issue.3, pp.409-418, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-3203(93)90168-V

F. Bouteruche, ´. E. Anquetil, and N. Ragot, Handwritten gesture recognition driven by the spatial context of strokes, Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05), pp.1221-1225, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDAR.2005.125

L. H. Chun, P. Zhang, X. J. Dong, C. Y. Suen, and T. D. Bui, The role of size normalization on the recognition rate of handwritten numerals, IAPR TC3 Workshop of Neural Networks and Learning in Document Analysis and Recognition, pp.8-12, 2005.

S. D. Connell and A. K. Jain, Template-based online character recognition, Pattern Recognition, vol.34, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-3203(99)00197-1
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.28.8122

S. D. Connell, R. M. Sinha, and A. K. Jain, Recognition of unconstrained on-line devanagari characters, Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp.368-371, 2000.

D. S. Doermann and A. Rosenfeld, Recovery of temporal information from static images of handwriting, International Journal of Computer Vision, vol.12, issue.3, pp.143-164, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01450853

. ?ivind-due-trier, A. K. Jain, and T. Taxt, Feature extraction methods for character recognition-A survey, Pattern Recognition, vol.29, issue.4, pp.641-662, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-3203(95)00118-2

M. Egenhofer and J. R. Herring, Categorizing Binary Topological Relations Between Regions, Lines, and Points in Geographic Databases, Research Report, 1991.

W. Guerfali and R. Plamondon, Normalizing and restoring on-line handwriting, Pattern Recognition, vol.26, issue.3, pp.419-431, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-3203(93)90169-W

J. Hu, M. K. Brown, and W. Turin, Hmm based on-line handwriting recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.18, pp.1039-1045, 1996.

N. Joshi, G. Sita, A. G. Ramakrishnan, V. Deepu, and S. Madhvanath, Machine recognition of online handwritten Devanagari characters, Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05), pp.1156-1160, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDAR.2005.156

J. B. Kruskall and M. Liberman, The symmetric time warping algorithm: From continuous to discrete In: Time Warps, String Edits and Macromolecules: The Theory and Practice of String Comparison, pp.125-161, 1983.

R. P. Lippmann, Pattern classification using neural networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.27, issue.11, pp.47-50, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/35.41401

Z. Luo and C. H. Wu, A unit decomposition technique using fuzzy logic for real-time handwritten chinese character recognition, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.44, issue.6, pp.840-847, 1999.

S. Malik and S. A. Khan, Urdu online handwriting recognition, Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies, 2005., pp.27-31, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ICET.2005.1558849

S. Marukatat and T. Artieres, Handling Spatial Information in On-Line Handwriting Recognition, Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pp.14-19, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/IWFHR.2004.48
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01497774

K. Miyajima and A. Ralescu, Spatial organization in 2D segmented images: Representation and recognition of primitive spatial relations, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol.65, issue.2-3, pp.225-236, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-0114(94)90021-3

A. M. Namboodiri and A. K. Jain, Online handwritten script recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.26, issue.1, pp.124-130, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/TPAMI.2004.1261096

D. Okumura, S. Uchida, and H. Sakoe, An HMM implementation for on-line handwriting recognition based on pen-coordinate feature and pen-direction feature, Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05), pp.26-30, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDAR.2005.50

D. Papadias and T. Sellis, Relation Based Representations for Spatial Knowledge, 1994.

R. Plamondon and S. Srihari, Online and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.22, issue.1, pp.63-84, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/34.824821

Y. Qiao, M. Nishiara, and M. Yasuhara, A Framework Toward Restoration of Writing Order from Single-Stroked Handwriting Image, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.28, issue.11, pp.1724-1737, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TPAMI.2006.216

K. C. Santosh, B. Lamiroy, and L. Wendling, Symbol recognition using spatial relations, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol.33, issue.3, pp.331-341, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patrec.2011.09.040
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.5505

K. C. Santosh and C. Nattee, Stroke Number and Order Free Handwriting Recognition for Nepali, Proceedings of the Pacific Rim International Conferences on Artificial Intelligence, pp.990-994, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-36668-3_120

K. C. Santosh, C. Nattee, and B. Lamiroy, Spatial similarity based stroke number and order free clustering, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Frontiers Pre-print Copy 24 K.C. Santosh et al. in Handwriting Recognition, pp.652-657, 2010.

M. Schenkel, I. Guyon, and D. Henderson, On-line cursive script recognition using time delay neural networks and hidden Markov models, Proceedings of ICASSP '94. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp.215-223, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/ICASSP.1994.389575

R. M. Sinha and H. N. Mahabala, Machine recognition of devanagari script, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol.9, issue.8, pp.435-441, 1979.

H. Swethalakshmi, C. C. Sekhar, and V. S. Chakravarthy, Spatiostructural Features for Recognition of Online Handwritten Characters in Devanagari and Tamil Scripts, International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pp.230-239, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-74695-9_24

C. C. Tappert, C. Y. Suen, and T. Wakahara, The state of the art in online handwriting recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.12, issue.8, pp.787-808, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/34.57669

B. Verma, J. Lu, M. Ghosh, R. , and G. , A feature extraction technique for on-line handwriting recognition, Proceedings of IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp.1337-1341, 2004.

C. Viard-gaudin, P. M. Lallican, and S. Knerr, Recognition-directed recovering of temporal information from handwriting images, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol.26, issue.16, pp.2537-2548, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.04.019

X. Wang and J. M. Keller, Human-based spatial relationship generalization through neural/fuzzy approaches, Ph.D. in Computer Science from Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), France under INRIA-CORDI research grant, pp.5-20, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00035-3

L. , I. Nancy-grand-est-research-centre, and F. , His research interests include handwriting analysis and recognition, graphics recognition, table extraction, sketch recognition and forensic image analysis like footwear impression evidence verification. He received several awards including 'best student paper, Thailand in 1998. He received M.Eng. and D.Eng. degrees in Computer Science from Tokyo Institute of Technology His research areas include Machine Learning, Pattern Recognition, Natural Language Processing, and Artificial Intel- ligence, 2001.