PURPOSE: We present and evaluate a new automated method based on support vector machine (SVM) classification of whole-brain anatomical magnetic resonance imaging to discriminate between patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elderly control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 16 patients with AD [mean age +/- standard deviation (SD) = 74.1 +/- 5.2 years, mini-mental score examination (MMSE) = 23.1 +/- 2.9] and 22 elderly controls (72.3 +/- 5.0 years, MMSE = 28.5 +/- 1.3). Three-dimensional T1-weighted MR images of each subject were automatically parcellated into regions of interest (ROIs). Based upon the characteristics of gray matter extracted from each ROI, we used an SVM algorithm to classify the subjects and statistical procedures based on bootstrap resampling to ensure the robustness of the results. RESULTS: We obtained 94.5% mean correct classification for AD and control subjects (mean specificity, 96.6%; mean sensitivity, 91.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Our method has the potential in distinguishing patients with AD from elderly controls and therefore may help in the early diagnosis of AD.