]. A. Sharma, J. L. Spudich, and W. F. Doolittle, Microbial rhodopsins: functional versatility and genetic mobility, Trends in Microbiology, vol.14, issue.11, pp.463-472, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.006

]. T. Bridges and C. W. Lindsley, G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: From Classical Modes of Modulation to Allosteric Mechanisms, ACS Chemical Biology, vol.3, issue.9, pp.530-571, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/cb800116f

W. D. Hoff, K. H. Jung, and J. L. Spudich, MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF PHOTOSIGNALING BY ARCHAEAL SENSORY RHODOPSINS, Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure, vol.26, issue.1, pp.223-58, 1997.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.biophys.26.1.223

D. Oesterhelt, The structure and mechanism of the family of retinal proteins from halophilic archaea, Current Opinion in Structural Biology, vol.8, issue.4, pp.489-500, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-440X(98)80128-0

A. Lin, L. Levskaya, J. Y. Tian, E. S. Lin, and . Boyden, Toward the second generation of optogenetic tools, The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, pp.30-14998, 2010.

]. A. Stock, V. L. Robinson, and P. N. Goudreau, Two-Component Signal Transduction, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.69, issue.1, pp.183-215, 2000.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.183

]. J. Klare, I. Chizhov, and M. Engelhard, Microbial rhodopsins: scaffolds for ion pumps, channels, and sensors., Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, pp.45-73, 2008.

J. K. Lanyi and . Bacteriorhodopsin, Bacteriorhodopsin, Annual Review of Physiology, vol.66, issue.1, pp.665-88, 2004.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.150049

A. A. Wegener, I. Chizhov, M. Engelhard, and H. J. Steinhoff, Time-resolved detection of transient movement of helix F in spin-labelled pharaonis sensory rhodopsin II, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.301, issue.4, pp.881-91, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4008

A. A. Wegener, J. P. Klare, M. Engelhard, and H. J. Steinhoff, Structural insights into the early steps of receptor-transducer signal transfer in archaeal phototaxis, The EMBO Journal, vol.20, issue.19, pp.5312-5321, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/20.19.5312

R. Moukhametzianov, J. P. Klare, R. Efremov, C. Baeken, A. Göppner et al., Development of the signal in sensory rhodopsin and its transfer to the cognate transducer, Nature, vol.54, issue.7080, pp.440-115, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04520

E. N. Spudich, W. Zhang, M. Alam, and J. L. Spudich, Constitutive signaling by the phototaxis receptor sensory rhodopsin II from disruption of its protonated Schiff base-Asp-73 interhelical salt bridge, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp.94-4960, 1997.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.94.10.4960

I. Chizhov, G. Schmies, R. Seidel, J. R. Sydor, B. Lüttenberg et al., The Photophobic Receptor from Natronobacterium pharaonis: Temperature and pH Dependencies of the Photocycle of Sensory Rhodopsin II, Biophysical Journal, vol.75, issue.2, pp.75-999, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77588-5

J. Holterhues, E. Bordignon, D. Klose, C. Rickert, J. P. Klare et al., The Signal Transfer from the Receptor NpSRII to the Transducer NpHtrII Is??Not Hampered by the D75N Mutation, Biophysical Journal, vol.100, issue.9, pp.2275-82, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.03.017

M. Hein, I. Radu, J. P. Klare, M. Engelhard, and F. Siebert, Consequences of counterion mutation in sensory rhodopsin II of Natronobacterium pharaonis for photoreaction and receptor activation: an FTIR study, Biochemistry, pp.43-995, 2004.

R. Higuchi, B. Krummel, and R. K. Saiki, preparation and specific mutagenesis of DNA fragments: study of protein and DNA interactions, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.16, issue.15, pp.7351-67, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/16.15.7351

W. J. Dower, J. F. Miller, and C. W. Ragsdale, High efficiency transformation of E.coli by high voltage electroporation, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.16, issue.13, pp.6127-6172, 1988.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/16.13.6127

M. Caffrey and V. Cherezov, Crystallizing membrane proteins using lipidic mesophases, Nature Protocols, vol.83, issue.5, pp.706-737, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nprot.2009.31

A. G. Leslie, The integration of macromolecular diffraction data, Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, vol.62, issue.1, pp.48-57, 2006.
DOI : 10.1107/S0907444905039107

P. Evans, Scaling and assessment of data quality, Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, vol.62, issue.1, pp.72-82, 2006.
DOI : 10.1107/S0907444905036693

A. Vagin and A. Teplyakov, : an Automated Program for Molecular Replacement, Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol.30, issue.6, pp.1022-1025, 1997.
DOI : 10.1107/S0021889897006766

G. Langer, S. X. Cohen, V. S. Lamzin, and A. Perrakis, Automated macromolecular model building for X-ray crystallography using ARP/wARP version 7, Nature Protocols, vol.60, issue.7, pp.1171-1180, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nprot.2008.91

W. Avenue and N. Haven, Crystallization of membrane proteins Christian Ostermeier and Hartmut Michelt, pp.697-701, 1995.

V. I. Gordeliy, J. Labahn, R. Moukhametzianov, R. Efremov, J. Granzin et al., Molecular basis of transmembrane signalling by sensory rhodopsin II???transducer complex, Nature, vol.50, issue.6906, pp.419-484, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/23512

I. Gushchin, A. Reshetnyak, V. Borshchevskiy, A. Ishchenko, E. Round et al., Active State of Sensory Rhodopsin II: Structural Determinants for Signal Transfer and Proton Pumping, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.412, issue.4, pp.412-591, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.022
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00766090

M. Etzkorn, K. Seidel, L. Li, S. Martell, M. Geyer et al., Complex Formation and Light Activation in Membrane-Embedded Sensory Rhodopsin II as Seen by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy, Structure, vol.18, issue.3, pp.300-293, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/j.str.2010.01.011