This study demonstrates the first autonomous sensing-healing system applicable to large-scale composite structures. Microvascular self-healing concept is combined with our hierarchical fiber-optic-based sensing system. The hierarchical system is a fluid distribution system with a local pressure monitoring function, and thus the combined system offers the ability to sense and heal composite delamination, and also to self-diagnose the system condition. This study begins by describing the basic concept of the combined system. The feasibility of the system is then evaluated through delamination infiltration tests. The system is finally validated in a plate specimen.