@. Comp, ? mod(c) is the module m of a class c. ? first(c) is the version in which class c was originally inserted in the repository

. Depscarate, the ratio between (i) the number of classes in component cp that have a dependency of type t with a target class c and (ii) the total number of classes in component cp, as follows: DepScaRate(c, t, cp) = |DepCompClass(c, p.|ClassComp

C. Ithoutdep, cp) is the set of classes of a component cp that were committed in the repository for the first time without a dependency of type t with a target class c, as defined next: CreatedW ithoutDep(c, t, cp) =

. Depadd, is the set of classes in component cp initially created without a dependency of type t with a target class c but that later were maintained to include this dependency, as follows: DepAdd(c, t, cp) = { x ? CreatedW ithoutDep(c, t, cp) | depends

. Depinsrate, the ratio between (i) the number of classes in the component cp originally created without a dependency of type t with a target class c, but that have this dependency in the last version of the system under analysis, and (ii) the total number of classes in component cp originally created without a dependency of type t with class c, as follows

. Finally, the candidates for absences in a component cp are defined as follows: Absences(cp) = { (x, c, t) | comp(x) = cp ? ¬depends

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