Recurrence quantification analysis of surface electromyogram supports alterations in motor unit recruitment strategies by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation

Anirban Dutta 1 Chandramouli Krishnan 2, 3 Shailesh Kantak 4, 3 Rajivc Ranganathan 3, 5 Michael Nitsche 6
1 DEMAR - Artificial movement and gait restoration
LIRMM - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier, CRISAM - Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée
2 NeuRRO Lab - Neuromuscular and Rehabilitation Robotics Laboratory
3 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
4 MRRI - Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute
5 Department of Kinesiology [Michigan]
6 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology [Göttingen]
Abstract : PURPOSE: Recent evidence indicates that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can selectively alter the EMG/force relationship of agonist arm muscles; however, the mechanisms mediating those changes are less clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of anodal tDCS on motor unit synchronization by using a sophisticated non-linear EMG analysis called recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). METHODS: Surface EMG signals were collected from the biceps brachii muscle of eighteen healthy young adults (9 tDCS and 9 control) at various force levels (12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, and 50% maximum) before and after the application of anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex. RQA was employed to quantify the changes in percentage of determinism (%DET) and laminarity (%LAM) of the surface EMG signals, which are surrogate measures of motor unit synchronization. RESULTS: RQA analyses indicated that the changes in %DET and %LAM scores were significantly higher in the tDCS group than in the control group (p < 0.05) and this effect was particularly pronounced at higher force levels. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide novel evidence supporting that anodal tDCS significantly alters motor unit firing strategies (i.e., the degree of synchronization) of the biceps brachii muscle.
Keywords : Recurrence analysis electromyography brain stimulation motor unit synchronization nonlinear analysis
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Anirban Dutta, Chandramouli Krishnan, Shailesh Kantak, Rajivc Ranganathan, Michael Nitsche. Recurrence quantification analysis of surface electromyogram supports alterations in motor unit recruitment strategies by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, IOS Press, 2015, 33 (5), pp.663-669. ⟨10.3233/RNN-140469⟩. ⟨hal-01203368⟩

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