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?. S. Proof, ?Y )? ?? we consider an arbitrary pair (?, ?) such that (?, ?) |= ? and an arbitrary complete path ? Since (?Y )? captures all terminal configurations for ???, there exists ? with ? | Var \Y = ?| Var \Y such that ? = ? (? ) But since (?Y )? is invariant at (?Y )? starting from ???, we obtain ? |= ? . Thus, for an arbitrary pair (?, ?) such that (?, ?) |= ? and an arbitrary complete path ? ? S · · · ? S ? , we have obtained ? with ? | Var \Y = ?| Var \Y such that (? , ? ) |= ? ?? , which is S |= ??? ? (?Y )? ?? according to Definition 13. (?) We have to show that S |= ??? ? (?Y )? ?? implies (i) (?Y )? is invariant at (?Y )? starting from ??? and (ii) (?Y )? captures all terminal configurations for ???. We first prove (i), ) |= ???, ? | Var \Y = ?| Var \Y , and ? n = ? (? )

?. S-·-·-·-?-s-?-n-is-complete, From S |= ??? ? (?Y )? ?? we obtain that there exists 0 ? i ? n and a valuation ? with ? | Var \Y = ?| Var \Y such that (? i , ? ) |= ? ?? . Thus, ? i = ? (? ) is terminal as well, and thus ? i = ? n , since there cannot be two terminal configurations on one path. Thus, ? n = ? (? ) and ? |= ? . We now show ? |= ?, FreeVars(? ) ? FreeVars(?)?FreeVars(? ). Consider then any variable x ? FreeVars(? )

?. Freevars, from ? | FreeVars(???) = ?| FreeVars(???) , ? | FreeVars(???) = ?| FreeVars(???) we obtain ? | FreeVars(?) = ?| FreeVars(?) = ? | FreeVars(?) , meaning that ? (x) = ? (x)

?. Freevars, By Remark 1, from ? (? ) = ? (? )(= ? n ) we obtain ? | FreeVars(? ) = ? | FreeVars(? ) and thus ? (x) = ? (x)

. Thus and ?. S. Freevars, ? such that (? 0 , ?) |= ???, ? | Var \Y = ?| Var \Y , and ? n = ? (? ), ? |= ? holds This is just (?Y )? is invariant at (?Y )? starting from ???, which proves (i) There remains to prove (ii) Consider now an arbitrary terminal path ? 0 ? S · · · ? S ? n and a valuation ? such that (? 0 , ?) |= ???, Since S |= ??? ? (?Y )? ?? we obtain (? n , ?) |= (?Y )? ?? . In particular, (? n , ?) |= (?Y )? , i.e., (?Y )? captures all terminal configurations for ???, which proves (ii), the (?) implication, and the proposition

. Lemma-8, Consider a terminal rl formula ??? ? (?Y )? ?? . If the procedure in Figure 2 terminates with Failure = false, then (?Y )? is an invariant at (?Y )? starting from ???

?. ??-·-·-·-?i-k, ?U )? n ?? n in the graph, with, in particular, (? n , ?) |= (?U )? n ?? n . Thus, ? n = ? (? n ) for some valuation ? such that ? | Var \U = ?| Var \U, particular, and ? | FreeVars((?U )?n??n) = ?| FreeVars((?U )?n??n)

?. Freevars, ? )\FreeVars(???) = ? | FreeVars(? )\FreeVars(???

?. Freevars, ???) = ? | FreeVars(???) = ? | FreeVars(???) , and ? | FreeVars(?n)\FreeVars(???) = ? | FreeVars(?n)\FreeVars(???)