S. Andrieux, Y. Bamberger, and J. Marigo, Un modèle de matériau microfissuré pour les roches et les bétons, J. Méca. Théo. Appl, vol.5, pp.471-513, 1986.

K. Anyfantis, On the failure analysis of bondlines: Stress or energy based fracture criteria?, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.126, pp.108-125, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.04.024

D. Asprone, R. Frascadore, D. Ludovico, M. Prota, A. Manfredi et al., Influence of strain rate on the seismic response of RC structures, Engineering Structures, vol.35, pp.29-36, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.10.025

J. Batoz, An explicit formulation for an efficient triangular plate-bending element, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.6, issue.7, pp.1077-1089, 1982.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.1620180711

Z. Bazant and B. Oh, Crack band theory for fracture of concrete, Mater. Struct, vol.16, issue.93, pp.155-177, 1983.

M. Benmansour, Modélisation du comportement cyclique alterné du béton armé. Application à divers essais statiques de poteaux, 1997.

D. Caillerie and J. Nedelec, Thin elastic and periodic plates, Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, vol.2, issue.18, pp.159-191, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0091528

C. Code, Bulletin d'information No. 195?196: Comité Euro- International du Béton, 1990.

J. Chaboche, Damage Mechanics, Comprehensive Structural Integrity, pp.213-284, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/B0-08-043749-4/02085-1

P. Ciarlet, A justification of a nonlinear model in plate theory, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.17, issue.18, pp.17-18, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(79)90089-6

C. Combescure, H. Dumontet, and F. Voldoire, Homogenised constitutive model coupling damage and debonding for reinforced concrete structures under cyclic solicitations, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.50, issue.24, pp.3861-3874, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.07.021

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01654802

P. Destuynder and C. Theodory, Homogénéisation de structures minces en béton armé. RAIRO-Modélisation mathématique et analyse numérique, pp.1-47, 1986.
DOI : 10.1051/m2an/1986200100471

URL : http://www.esaim-m2an.org/10.1051/m2an/1986200100471/pdf

I. Einav, G. Houlsby, and G. Nguyen, Coupled damage and plasticity models derived from energy and dissipation potentials, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.44, issue.7-8, pp.2487-2508, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.07.019

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.07.019

R. Eligehausen, E. Popov, and V. Bertero, Local Bond Stress-Slip Relationships of Deformed Bars Under Generalized Excitations: Experimental Results and Analytical Model, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 1983.

D. Favier, P. Guelin, A. Tourabi, B. Wack, and P. Pegon, Ecrouissages-Schémas thermomécaniques et a variables internes: méthode de définition utilisant le concept d'hystérésis pure, Arch. Mech, vol.40, pp.5-6, 1988.

P. Feenstra and R. De-borst, A composite plasticity model for concrete, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.33, issue.5, pp.707-730, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-7683(95)00060-N

C. Fernandes, H. Varum, and A. Costa, Importance of the bond???slip mechanism in the numerical simulation of the cyclic response of RC elements with plain reinforcing bars, Engineering Structures, vol.56, pp.396-406, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.013

F. Feyel, Multiscale FE2 elastoviscoplastic analysis of composite structures, Computational Materials Science, vol.16, issue.1-4, pp.344-354, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0927-0256(99)00077-4

B. Halphen and Q. Nguyen, Sur les matériaux standards généralisés, J. de Mécanique, vol.14, pp.39-63, 1975.

R. Hill, On Constitutive Macro-Variables for Heterogeneous Solids at Finite Strain, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 326, pp.131-147, 1972.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1972.0001

M. Huguet, F. Voldoire, P. Kotronis, and S. Erlicher, Homogenized global nonlinear constitutive model for RC panels under cyclic loadings, 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM XI), 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01071399

L. Kachanov, Time of the rupture process under creep conditions, IVZ Akad. Nauk, S.S.R Otd. Tech. Nauk, vol.8, pp.26-31, 1958.

W. Krätzig and R. Pölling, An elasto-plastic damage model for reinforced concrete with minimum number of material parameters, Computers & Structures, vol.82, issue.15-16, pp.1201-1215, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.002

B. Li, K. Maekawa, and H. Okamura, Contact density model for stress transfer across cracks in concrete, J. Faculty Eng. Univ. Tokyo, vol.40, pp.9-52, 1989.

P. Marti, M. Alvarez, W. Kaufmann, and V. Sigrist, Tension Chord Model for Structural Concrete, Structural Engineering International, vol.8, issue.4, pp.287-298, 1998.
DOI : 10.2749/101686698780488875

J. Melo, C. Fernandes, H. Varum, H. Rodrigues, A. Costa et al., Numerical modelling of the cyclic behaviour of RC elements built with plain reinforcing bars, Engineering Structures, vol.33, issue.2, pp.273-286, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.11.005

J. C. Michel, Homogénéisation de matériaux élastoplastiques avec cavités (Doctoral dissertation), 1984.

J. Murcia-delso, A. Stavridis, and B. Shing, Modeling the bond-slip behaviour of confined large-diameter reinforcing bars, III ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2011.

B. Nedjar, Elastoplastic-damage modelling including the gradient of damage: formulation and computational aspects, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol.38, issue.30-31, pp.5421-5451, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00358-9

Q. Nguyen, On the elastic plastic initial-boundary value problem and its numerical integration, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng, vol.11, pp.817-832, 1977.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00105639

V. Pensée and D. Kondo, Une analyse microm??canique 3-D de l'endommagement par m??sofissuration, Comptes Rendus de l'Acad??mie des Sciences - Series IIB - Mechanics, vol.329, issue.4, pp.271-276, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1620-7742(01)01340-X

M. Pimentel, E. Brüwhiler, and J. Figueiras, Extended cracked membrane model for the analysis of RC panels, Engineering Structures, vol.32, issue.8, pp.1964-1975, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.02.030

B. Richard and F. Ragueneau, Continuum damage mechanics based model for quasi brittle materials subjected to cyclic loadings: Formulation, numerical implementation and applications, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol.98, pp.383-406, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.11.013

E. Sanchez-palencia, Non-homogeneous Media and Vibration Theory, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol.127, 1980.

E. Sanchez-palencia, A. Zaoui, and P. Suquet, Homogenization Technique for Composite Media, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-17616-0

J. Shao, Y. Jia, D. Kondo, and A. Chiarelli, A coupled elastoplastic damage model for semi-brittle materials and extension to unsaturated conditions, Mechanics of Materials, vol.38, issue.3, pp.218-232, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mechmat.2005.07.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00021987

J. Simo and R. Taylor, Consistent tangent operators for rate-independent elastoplasticity, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.48, issue.1, pp.101-118, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(85)90070-2

C. Stolz, Thermodynamical Description of Running Discontinuities: Application to Friction and Wear, Entropy, vol.52, issue.12, pp.1418-1439, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.triboint.2008.06.007

P. Suquet, Introduction, Homogenization Techniques for Composite Media, pp.193-278, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-17616-0_15

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00404025

P. Suquet, Overall potentials and extremal surfaces of power law or ideally plastic composites, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol.41, issue.6, pp.981-1002, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-5096(93)90051-G

F. Voldoire, Homogénéisation des structures hétérogènes. ISSN 1161-0611. Collection de notes internes de la Direction des Etudes et Recherches, 1993.

J. Yvonnet, D. Gonzalez, and Q. He, Numerically explicit potentials for the homogenization of nonlinear elastic heterogeneous materials, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.198, issue.33-36, pp.2723-2737, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cma.2009.03.017

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00692234