N. Selwyn, The use of computer technology in university teaching and learning: a critical perspective, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol.24, issue.2, pp.83-94, 2007.
DOI : 10.2196/jmir.7.2.e14

R. S. Shieh, The impact of Technology-Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) implementation on student learning and teachers??? teaching in a high school context, Computers & Education, vol.59, issue.2, pp.206-214, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.01.016

R. Shieh, W. Chang, and Z. Liu, Technology enabled active learning (TEAL) in introductory physics: Impact on genders and achievement levels, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, vol.27, issue.7, pp.1082-1099, 2011.
DOI : 10.14742/ajet.905

W. Hannafin, Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments, Educational Technology Research and Development, vol.53, issue.4, 2005.

M. Keppell, Assuring best practice in technology-enhanced learning environments, Research in Learning Technology, vol.23, 2015.
DOI : 10.3402/rlt.v23.25728

URL : https://journal.alt.ac.uk/index.php/rlt/article/download/1604/pdf_9

S. Manca and M. Ranieri, Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol.14, issue.1, pp.487-504, 2013.
DOI : 10.1089/cyber.2010.0612

A. M. Fewkesa and M. Mccabea, Facebook, Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, vol.13, issue.2, pp.92-98, 2012.
DOI : 10.1080/01449290301783

M. Quentin-baxter, J. Kelly, S. Probert, C. Macmahon, and G. Ferrell, A model for evidencing the benefits of technology enhanced learning in higher education in the UK, Proceedings of ASCILITE, 2008.

J. Keller and K. Suzuki, Learner motivation and E-learning design: A multinationally validated process, Journal of Educational Media, vol.29, issue.3, pp.229-239, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/1358165042000283084

K. M. Law, V. C. Lee, and T. Yu, Learning motivation in e-learning facilitated computer programming courses, Computers & Education, vol.55, issue.1, pp.218-228, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.compedu.2010.01.007

M. Steen, Human-Centered Design as a Fragile Encounter, Design Issues, vol.28, issue.1, pp.72-80, 2012.
DOI : 10.1162/desi.2008.24.3.4

E. Sanders and P. Stappers, Co-creation and the new landscapes of design, Co-Design, vol.4, issue.1, pp.5-18, 2008.

K. Liu, L. Sun, and K. Bennett, Co-Design of Business and IT Systems -Introduction by Guest Editors, Information Systems Frontiers, vol.4, issue.3, pp.251-257, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1019942501848

K. Tollmar, Towards CSCW design in the Scandinavian tradition, p.Tekniska högsk, 2001.

G. Siemens, Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age, 2014.

S. Marshall, Change, Technology and Higher Education: Are Universities Capable of Organisational Change, Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, vol.15, pp.22-34, 2011.
DOI : 10.1080/09687769.2010.529107

URL : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09687769.2010.529107?needAccess=true

R. Stamper, Information in Business and Administrative Systems, p.Wiley, 1973.

C. S. Peirce, Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce: Pragmaticisms and pragnoaticism and scientific metaphysics, 1935.

D. Nauta, The Meaning of Information, 1972.

R. Stamper, K. Liu, M. Hafkamp, and Y. Ades, Understanding the roles of signs and norms in organizations - a semiotic approach to information systems design, Behaviour & Information Technology, vol.19, issue.1, pp.15-27, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/014492900118768

Y. Pan and C. Tan, Three Dimensional Norm-Based Knowledge Management for Knowledge Intensive Business Service Organizations: An Organizational Semiotics Perspective, International Journal of Knowledge Engineering, vol.2, issue.1, pp.50-55, 2016.
DOI : 10.18178/ijke.2016.2.1.051

A. Jacobs, Assessing Organisational Readiness for Enterprise Social Media in Information Intensive Organisations, 2013.

Y. Chen, Y. Lin, R. Yeh, and S. Lou, Examining factors affecting college students' intention to use web-based instruction systems: towards an integrated model, Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.111-121, 2013.