B. Cohen, Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability, Technology in Society, vol.28, issue.1-2, pp.63-80, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techsoc.2005.10.005

P. Neirotti, D. Marco, A. Cagliano, A. C. Mangano, G. Scorrano et al., Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts, Cities, vol.38, pp.25-36, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010

URL : http://porto.polito.it/2522888/1/SmartCity_Trends_paper.pdf

P. Swinney, Why are cities important?, 2014.

A. Caragliu, D. Bo, C. Nijkamp, and P. , Smart Cities in Europe, Journal of Urban Technology, vol.2, issue.2, pp.65-82, 2011.
DOI : 10.1162/rest.88.2.324

A. Giddens, Runaway World: 1999 Reith Lecture, p.99, 1999.

M. Liotine, A. Ramaprasad, and T. Syn, Managing a Smart City's Resilience to Ebola: An Ontological Framework, 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp.2935-2943
DOI : 10.1109/HICSS.2016.368

T. Nam and T. A. Pardo, Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions, Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, dg.o '11, pp.282-291
DOI : 10.1145/2037556.2037602

D. Washburn, U. Sindhu, S. Balaouras, R. A. Dines, N. Hayes et al., Helping CIOs understand " smart city " initiatives: Defining The Smart City, Its Drivers, And The Role Of The CIO, 2010.

T. Bak?c?, E. Almirall, and J. Wareham, A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol.39, issue.3, pp.135-148, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.008

J. M. Eger, Smart growth, smart cities, and the crisis at the pump a worldwide phenomenon. I-WAYS-The Journal of E-Government Policy and Regulation, pp.47-53, 2009.

G. C. Lazaroiu and M. Roscia, Definition methodology for the smart cities model, Energy, vol.47, issue.1, pp.326-332, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.028

P. Lombardi, S. Giordano, H. Farouh, and W. Yousef, Modelling the smart city performance, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, vol.13, issue.2, pp.137-149, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.giq.2005.02.004

C. E. Mulligan and M. Olsson, Architectural implications of smart city business models: an evolutionary perspective, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.51, issue.6, pp.80-85, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/MCOM.2013.6525599

A. Coe, G. Paquet, and J. Roy, E-Governance and Smart Communities, Social Science Computer Review, vol.24, issue.200, pp.80-93, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-349-25022-6_10

A. M. Townsend, Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia, 2013.

L. Anthopoulos, Defining smart city architecture for sustainability In: Proceedings of the 14th IFIP Electronic Government (EGOV) and 7th Electronic Participation (ePart) Conference 2015. Presented at the14th IFIP Electronic Government and 7th Electronic Participation Conference, pp.140-147, 2015.

F. Bifulco, M. Tregua, C. C. Amitrano, and A. D-'auria, ICT and sustainability in smart cities management, International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol.29, issue.2, pp.132-147, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2012.11.005

T. Herrschel, Competitiveness AND Sustainability: Can ???Smart City Regionalism??? Square the Circle?, Urban Studies, vol.50, issue.11, pp.2332-2348, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00535.x

URL : http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/12241/1/Herrschel_2013_cover_sheet.pdf

J. Lee, D. Kim, H. Y. Ryoo, and B. S. Shin, Sustainable Wearables: Wearable Technology for Enhancing the Quality of Human Life, Sustainability, vol.4, issue.5, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/MPRV.2014.66

S. Huston, R. Rahimzad, and A. Parsa, ???Smart??? sustainable urban regeneration: Institutions, quality and financial innovation, Cities, vol.48, pp.66-75, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2015.05.005

J. M. Shapiro, Smart Cities: Quality of Life, Productivity, and the Growth Effects of Human Capital, Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.8, issue.03, pp.324-335, 2006.
DOI : 10.2307/2118426

H. Ahvenniemi, A. Huovila, I. Pinto-seppä, and M. Airaksinen, What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?, Cities, vol.60, pp.234-245, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009

G. Aloi, L. Bedogni, D. Felice, M. Loscri, V. Molinaro et al., STEM-Net: an evolutionary network architecture for smart and sustainable cities, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol.23, issue.8, pp.21-40, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/ett.1533

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00924466

M. Hara, T. Nagao, S. Hannoe, and J. Nakamura, New Key Performance Indicators for a Smart Sustainable City, Sustainability, vol.8, issue.3, 2016.
DOI : 10.1177/0042098013494427

URL : http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/3/206/pdf

M. L. Marsal-llacuna, City Indicators on Social Sustainability as Standardization Technologies for Smarter (Citizen-Centered) Governance of Cities, Social Indicators Research, vol.68, issue.2, pp.1193-1216, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.204

J. Lee and H. Lee, Developing and validating a citizen-centric typology for smart city services, Government Information Quarterly, vol.31, pp.93-105, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.giq.2014.01.010

B. Murgante and G. Borruso, Cities and Smartness: The True Challenge, International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems, vol.6, issue.5, 2015.

R. Giffinger, C. Fertner, H. Kramar, R. Kalasek, N. Pichler-milanovic et al., Smart cities. Ranking of European medium-sized cities, Final Report, Centre of Regional Science Vienna UT, 2007.

R. Giffinger and H. Gudrun, Smart cities ranking: an effective instrument for the positioning of the cities?, ACE: Architecture, City and Environment, vol.4, pp.7-26, 2010.

J. D. Cameron, A. Ramaprasad, and T. Syn, An Ontology of mHealth, International Journal of Medical Informatics, vol.16, p.25, 2017.

A. Ramaprasad and T. Syn, Ontological Meta-Analysis and Synthesis. Communications of the Association for, Information Systems, vol.37, pp.138-153, 2015.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2461113

URL : http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5075&context=eispapers

V. Albino, U. Berardi, and R. M. Dangelico, Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives, Journal of Urban Technology, vol.247, issue.2, pp.3-21, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s13132-012-0089-4

H. Chourabi, T. Nam, S. Walker, J. R. Gil-garcia, S. Mellouli et al., Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework, 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp.2289-2297, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/HICSS.2012.615

I. Zubizarreta, A. Seravalli, and S. Arrizabalaga, Smart City Concept: What It Is and What It Should Be, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, vol.142, issue.1, p.4015005, 2015.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000282

M. L. Marsal-llacuna, J. Colomer-llinas, and J. Melendez-frigola, Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.90, pp.611-622, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2014.01.012

A. K. Debnath, H. C. Chin, M. M. Haque, and B. Yuen, A methodological framework for benchmarking smart transport cities, Cities, vol.37, pp.47-56, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2013.11.004

URL : http://vuir.vu.edu.au/34171/1/A%20methodological%20framework%20for%20benchmarking%20smart%20transport%20citie.pdf

G. Akhras, Smart materials and smart systems for the future, Canadian Military Journal, vol.1, pp.25-31, 2000.

T. Brandt, B. Donnellan, W. Ketter, and R. T. Watson, Information Systems and Smarter Cities: Towards an Integrative Framework and a Research Agenda for the Discipline, AIS Pre-ICIS Workshop -ISCA 2016, 2016.

P. Lombardi, S. Giordano, H. Farouh, and W. Yousef, Modelling the smart city performance, Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, vol.13, issue.2, pp.137-149, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.giq.2005.02.004

L. Leydesdorff and M. Deakin, The Triple-Helix Model of Smart Cities: A Neo-Evolutionary Perspective, Journal of Urban Technology, vol.4, issue.2, pp.53-63, 2011.
DOI : 10.1068/a3874

A. Ramaprasad, A. Sánchez-ortiz, T. Syn, E. Tambouris, M. Janssen et al., An Ontology of eGovernment, Electronic Government, pp.258-269, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-22479-4_20

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01412276

A. Ramaprasad, A. Sánchez-ortiz, and T. Syn, Gaps in Local eGovernment Research: An Ontological Analysis, Proceedings of the 21st Americas Conference on Information Systems, 2015.

T. R. Gruber, Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing?, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol.43, issue.5-6, pp.907-928, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/ijhc.1995.1081

J. J. Cimino, In defense of the Desiderata, Journal of Biomedical Informatics, vol.39, issue.3, pp.299-306, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbi.2005.11.008

W. V. Quine, From a Logical Point of View, 1961.

B. Chandrasekaran, J. R. Josephson, and V. R. Benjamins, What are ontologies, and why do we need them?, IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol.14, issue.1, pp.20-26, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/5254.747902