]. P. Gmis, Building the Digital Industrial Enterprise, 2016. https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/documents/middle-east-industry-4-0-survey.pdf Advanced complexity management strategic recommendations of handling the " Industrie 4.0 " complexity for small and medium enterprises, CIRP Conf. Manuf. Syst. (CIRP-CMS 2016), pp.1-17, 2016.

W. Elmaraghy, H. Elmaraghy, T. Tomiyama, and L. Monostori, Complexity in engineering design and manufacturing, CIRP Ann. -Manuf, Technol, pp.61-793, 2012.

J. Jäger, A. Kluth, A. Schatz, and T. Bauernhansl, Complexity patterns in the advanced complexity management of value networks, Procedia CIRP, pp.645-650, 2014.

A. De-carolis, M. Macchi, E. Negri, and S. Terzi, Guiding manufacturing companies towards digitalization a methodology for supporting manufacturing companies in defining their digitalization roadmap, 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC), 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/ICE.2017.8279925

A. M. Maier, J. Moultrie, and P. J. Clarkson, Assessing Organizational Capabilities: Reviewing and Guiding the Development of Maturity Grids, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol.59, issue.1, 1989.
DOI : 10.1109/TEM.2010.2077289

T. Mettler, A Design Science Research Perspective on Maturity Models in Information Systems, p.41, 2009.

H. Karkkainen and A. Silventoinen, Different Approaches of the PLM Maturity Concept and Their Use Domains ??? Analysis of the State of the Art, 12th IFIP WG 5.1 Int. Conf. PLM 2015, pp.89-102
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-33111-9_9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01377431

T. Mettler and P. Rohner, Situational maturity models as instrumental artifacts for organizational design, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST '09, pp.1-9, 2009.
DOI : 10.1145/1555619.1555649

P. Gottschalk, Maturity levels for interoperability in digital government, Government Information Quarterly, vol.26, issue.1, pp.75-81, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.giq.2008.03.003

M. Van-steenbergen, R. Bos, S. Brinkkemper, I. Van-de-weerd, W. Bekkers et al., The design of focus area maturity models doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13335- 0_22 The use of maturity models/grids as a tool in assessing product development capability, CEUR Workshop Proc.17] C.P. Team, Capability Maturity Model{\textregistered} Integration (CMMI SM), Version 1.1, C. Syst. Eng. Softw. Eng. Integr. Prod. Process Dev. Supplier Sourc. (CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS, pp.17-19, 2002.

M. Macchi, L. Fumagalli, S. Pizzolante, A. Crespo, J. F. Marquez et al., Towards eMaintenance: maturity assessment of maintenance services for new ICT introduction A maintenance maturity assessment method for the manufacturing industry, APMS 2010 Int. Conf. Adv. Prod. Manag. Sys-Tems Macchi, E. Negri, S. Terzi, A maturity model for assessing the digital readiness of manufacturing companies, pp.295-315, 2010.

K. Jung, B. Kulvatunyou, S. Choi, and M. P. Brundage, An Overview of a Smart Manufacturing System Readiness Assessment, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s00170-015-7513-4
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01615704

K. Jung, S. Choi, B. Kulvatunyou, H. Cho, and K. C. Morris, A reference activity model for smart factory design and improvement, Production Planning & Control, vol.44, issue.2, 2016.
DOI : 10.1177/1063293X07084636

B. Kulvatunyou, Factory Design and Improvement (FDI) Activity Model) . https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/factory-design-and-improvement-fdi-activity- model, 2016.

K. Lichtblau, Industrie 4.0 Readiness, VDMA, Available online: https://www.industrie40- readiness