J. M. Halpern and C. Pignataro, Service Function Chaining (SFC) Architecture, 2015.

R. Mijumbi, J. Serrat, J. Gorricho, N. Bouten, F. D. Turck et al., Network function virtualization: Stateof-the-art and research challenges, IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol.18, issue.1, pp.236-262, 2016.

H. Moens and F. D. Turck, Vnf-p: A model for efficient placement of virtualized network functions, 10th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM) and Workshop, pp.418-423, 2014.

S. Mehraghdam, M. Keller, and H. Karl, Specifying and placing chains of virtual network functions, 2014 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Networking (CLOUDNET), pp.7-13, 2014.

M. F. Bari, S. R. Chowdhury, R. Ahmed, and R. Boutaba, On orchestrating virtual network functions, 2015 11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), pp.50-56, 2015.

R. Cohen, L. Lewin-eytan, J. S. Naor, and D. Raz, Near optimal placement of virtual network functions, IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pp.1346-1354, 2015.

A. Marotta and A. Kassler, A power efficient and robust virtual network functions placement problem, 2016 28th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 28), vol.01, pp.331-339, 2016.

P. Gill, N. Jain, and N. Nagappan, Understanding network failures in data centers: Measurement, analysis, and implications, Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 Conference, pp.350-361, 2011.

H. S. Gunawi, M. Hao, T. Leesatapornwongsa, T. Patanaanake, T. Do et al., What bugs live in the cloud? a study of 3000+ issues in cloud systems, Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing (SOCC), vol.7, pp.1-7, 2014.

R. Potharaju and N. Jain, Demystifying the dark side of the middle: A field study of middlebox failures in datacenters, Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Internet Measurement Conference, ser. IMC '13, pp.9-22, 2013.

,

B. Han, V. Gopalakrishnan, L. Ji, and S. Lee, Network function virtualization: Challenges and opportunities for innovations, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.53, issue.2, pp.90-97, 2015.

S. G. Kulkarni, G. Liu, K. K. Ramakrishnan, M. Arumaithurai, T. Wood et al., Reinforce: Achieving efficient failure resiliency for network function virtualization based services, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), pp.41-53, 2018.

F. Machida and Y. Maeno, Redundant virtual machine placement for fault-tolerant consolidated server clusters, 2010 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), pp.32-39, 2010.

E. Bin, O. Biran, O. Boni, E. Hadad, E. K. Kolodner et al., Guaranteeing high availability goals for virtual machine placement, 2011 31st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp.700-709, 2011.

X. Wang, C. Wu, F. Le, A. Liu, Z. Li et al., Online VNF scaling in datacenters, 2016 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp.140-147, 2016.

A. Mohammadkhan, S. Ghapani, G. Liu, W. Zhang, K. K. Ramakrishnan et al., Virtual function placement and traffic steering in flexible and dynamic software defined networks, The 21st IEEE International Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN), pp.1-6, 2015.

J. Fan, C. Guan, K. Ren, and C. Qiao, Guaranteeing availability for network function virtualization with geographic redundancy deployment, 2015.

K. Li, H. Zheng, and J. Wu, Migration-based virtual machine placement in cloud systems, 2013 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Networking (ClOUD-NET), pp.83-90, 2013.

Q. Zhang, Y. Xiao, F. Liu, J. C. Lui, J. Guo et al., Joint optimization of chain placement and request scheduling for network function virtualization, 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), pp.731-741, 2017.

D. Bhamare, M. Samaka, A. Erbad, R. Jain, L. Gupta et al., Optimal virtual network function placement in multi-cloud service function chaining architecture, Computer Communications, vol.102, pp.1-16, 2017.

C. Lin, P. Liu, and J. Wu, Energy-efficient virtual machine provision algorithms for cloud systems, 2011 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC), pp.81-88, 2011.

K. Su, L. Xu, C. Chen, W. Chen, and Z. Wang, Affinity and conflict-aware placement of virtual machines in heterogeneous data centers, 2015 IEEE Twelfth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS), pp.289-294, 2015.

G. Moualla, T. Turletti, and D. Saucez, An availabilityaware sfc placement algorithm for fat-tree data centers, 2018 IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CLOUDNET), pp.1-4, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01859599

A. Headquarters, Cisco data center infrastructure 2.5 design guide, 2007.

M. Al-fares, A. Loukissas, and A. Vahdat, A scalable, commodity data center network architecture, SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. (CCR), vol.38, issue.4, pp.63-74, 2008.

E. Banks, Data center network design moves from tree to leaf, SearchDataCenter, 2016.

C. Wu and R. Buyya, Cloud Data Centers and Cost Modeling: A Complete Guide To Planning, Designing and Building a Cloud Data Center, pp.978-0128014134, 2015.

M. C. Luizelli, L. R. Bays, L. S. Buriol, M. P. Barcellos, and L. P. Gaspary, Piecing together the NFV provisioning puzzle: Efficient placement and chaining of virtual network functions, 2015 IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM), pp.98-106, 2015.

F. B. Schneider, Byzantine generals in action: Implementing fail-stop processors, ACM Trans. Comput. Syst, vol.2, issue.2, pp.145-154, 1984.

,

L. E. Li, V. Liaghat, H. Zhao, M. Hajiaghayi, D. Li et al., Pace: Policy-aware application cloud embedding, IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pp.638-646, 2013.

M. R. Garey, D. S. Johnson, and R. Sethi, The complexity of flowshop and jobshop scheduling, vol.1, pp.117-129, 1976.

R. M. Karp, On the computational complexity of combinatorial problems, Networks, vol.5, issue.1, pp.45-68, 1975.

R. J. Vaessens, Generalized job shop scheduling: complexity and local search, 1995.

W. Liu, H. Li, O. Huang, M. Boucadair, N. Leymann et al., Service function chaining (sfc) general use cases, Work in progress, 2014.

, Amazon ec2 instance types

P. Jaccard, Distribution de la flore alpine dans le bassin des Dranses et dans quelques régions voisines, Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, vol.37, pp.241-272, 1901.

F. Cappello, E. Caron, M. Dayde, F. Desprez, Y. Jegou et al., Grid'5000: a large scale and highly reconfigurable grid experimental testbed, The 6th IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Grid Computing (GRID), p.8, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00684943

M. Mao and M. Humphrey, A performance study on the VM startup time in the cloud, 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp.423-430, 2012.