V. Grover, R. H. Chiang, T. Liang, and D. Zhang, Creating Strategic Business Value from Big Data Analytics: A Research Framework, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol.35, pp.388-423, 2018.

S. A. Keller, S. E. Koonin, and S. Shipp, Big data and city living -what can it do for us, vol.9, pp.4-7, 2012.

R. Agarwal and V. Dhar, Editorial -Big Data, Data Science, and Analytics: The Opportunity and Challenge for IS Research, Information Systems Research, vol.25, pp.443-448, 2014.

S. Fosso-wamba, S. Akter, A. Edwards, G. Chopin, and D. Gnanzou, How 'big data' can make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study, International Journal of Production Economics, vol.165, pp.234-246, 2015.

U. Sivarajah, M. M. Kamal, Z. Irani, and V. Weerakkody, Critical analysis of Big Data challenges and analytical methods, Journal of Business Research, vol.70, pp.263-286, 2017.

C. Duermeijer, M. Amir, and L. Schoombee, Africa generates less than 1% of the world's research; data analytics can change that. An in-depth analysis of the continent's research reveals promising developments -and strategies for continued improvement

K. Zhu, K. L. Kraemer, and S. Xu, The Process of Innovation Assimilation by Firms in Different Countries: A Technology Diffusion Perspective on E-Business, Management Science, vol.52, pp.1557-1576, 2006.

J. E. Lawrence and U. A. Tar, Barriers to ecommerce in developing countries. Information, Society and Justice, vol.3, pp.23-35, 2010.

S. M. Mutula and P. Van-brakel, E-readiness of SMEs in the ICT sector in Botswana with respect to information access, The Electronic Library, vol.24, pp.402-417, 2006.

I. O. Pappas, P. Mikalef, M. N. Giannakos, J. Krogstie, and G. Lekakos, Big data and business analytics ecosystems: paving the way towards digital transformation and sustainable societies, Inf Syst E-Bus Manage, vol.16, pp.479-491, 2018.

A. R. Hevner, S. T. March, J. Park, and S. Ram, Design science in information systems research, MIS Quarterly, vol.28, pp.75-105, 2004.

H. Chen, R. H. Chiang, and V. C. Storey, Business intelligence and analytics: from big data to big impact, MIS Quarterly, vol.36, pp.1165-1188, 2012.

M. M. Gobble, Big Data: The Next Big Thing in Innovation, Research-Technology Management, vol.56, pp.64-67, 2013.

G. O. Strawn, Scientific Research: How Many Paradigms?

J. Manyika, M. Chui, B. Brown, . Bughin, . Dobbs et al., Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity

A. Mcafee and E. Brynjolfsson, Big data: the management revolution, Harvard Business Review, vol.90, pp.61-67, 2012.

P. Russom, TDWI Best Practices Report | Big Data Analytics | Transforming Data with Intelligence

M. Murawski and M. Bick, Demanded and Imparted Big Data Competences: Towards an Integrative Analysis, Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), pp.1375-1390, 2017.

W. A. Günther, M. H. Rezazade-mehrizi, M. Huysman, and F. Feldberg, Debating big data: A literature review on realizing value from big data, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, vol.26, pp.191-209, 2017.

D. Opresnik and M. Taisch, The value of Big Data in servitization, International Journal of Production Economics, vol.165, pp.174-184, 2015.

J. A. Van-dijk, Digital divide research, achievements and shortcomings, POETICS, vol.34, pp.221-235, 2006.

M. Hilbert, Big Data for Development: A Review of Promises and Challenges, Dev Policy Rev, vol.34, pp.135-174, 2016.

S. Devarajan, Africa's statistical tragedy

A. Bifet, Mining Big Data in Real Time, Informatica, vol.37, 2013.

A. Decuyper, A. Rutherford, A. Wadhwa, J. Bauer, G. Krings et al., Estimating Food Consumption and Poverty Indices with Mobile Phone Data, 2014.

B. Chakravorti, R. S. Chaturvedu, C. Troein, C. Pagan, C. Filipovic et al., Digital Planet: How competitiveness and trust in digital economies vary across the world

, International Telecommunications Union: ICT Development Index, Euler Hermes: Enabling Digitalization Index 2018: measuring digitagility

, The Global Information Technology Report: Innovating in the digital economy, 2017.

T. Bock, What is Hierarchical Clustering?

D. Sengeh, Missing Data: Achieving the Value of Big Data Analytics in Africa

, The Economist: Off the map

G. Trends,

V. Matinde, Africa's missed opportunity in the multi-billion dollar mobile phone industry

M. Gupta and J. F. George, Toward the development of a big data analytics capability, Information & Management, vol.53, pp.1049-1064, 2016.