Data for the United Kingdoms elections is available online, Data for the United States elections has been crawled from Wikipedia, 2020. ,
UK Election Statistics: 1918-2019 -A Century of Elections, 2020. ,
Validation of Twitter opinion trends with national polling aggregates: Hillary Clinton vs Donald Trump, Sci. Rep, vol.8, p.8673, 2018. ,
A multi-level geographical study of italian political elections from twitter data, PLoS One, vol.9, issue.5, pp.1-11, 2014. ,
Majority rule dynamics in finite dimensions, Phys. Rev. E, p.71, 2005. ,
A model for spatial conflict, Biometrika, vol.60, issue.3, p.1973 ,
Predicting swedish elections with twitter: A case for stochastic link structure analysis, IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), pp.1269-1276, 2015. ,
Voter models on subcritical inhomogeneous random graphs, 2019. ,
Twitter, public opinion, and the 2011 Nigerian presidential election, 2013 International Conference on Social Computing, pp.311-320, 2013. ,
The PredNews forecasting model, Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, 2018. ,
No, you cannot predict elections with twitter, IEEE Internet Computing, vol.16, issue.6, pp.91-94, 2012. ,
A meta-analysis of state-of-the-art electoral prediction from twitter data, Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev, vol.31, issue.6, pp.649-679, 2013. ,
Inferring the votes in a new political landscape: the case of the 2019 Spanish presidential elections, J Big Data, vol.7, p.2020 ,
Distributed probabilistic polling and applications to proportionate agreement, Inf. Comput, vol.171, issue.2, pp.248-268, 2002. ,
Ergodic theorems for weakly interacting infinite systems and the voter model, Ann. Probab, vol.3, issue.4, pp.643-663, 1975. ,
Multi-cycle forecasting of congressional elections with social media, Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Politics, Elections and Data, PLEAD '13, pp.23-30, 2013. ,
Why the pirate party won the german election of 2009 or the trouble with predictions: A response to tumasjan, a., sprenger, t. o., sander, p. g., & welpe, i. m. "predicting elections with twitter: What 140 characters reveal about political sentiment, Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev, vol.30, issue.2, pp.229-234, 2012. ,
Digital trace data in the study of public opinion: An indicator of attention toward politics rather than political support, Social Science Computer Review, vol.35, issue.3, pp.336-356, 2017. ,
Zealotry effects on opinion dynamics in the adaptive voter model, Phys. Rev. E, p.96, 2017. ,
Does a single zealot affect an infinite group of voters?, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.91, p.28701, 2003. ,
On the role of zealotry in the voter model, J. Stat. Mech. Theory Exp, issue.08, pp.8029-08029, 2007. ,
Majority dynamics and aggregation of information in social networks, Auton. Agent. Multi. Agent. Syst, vol.28, issue.3, pp.408-429, 2014. ,
Voter and majority dynamics with biased and stubborn agents, J. Stat. Phys, 2020. ,
From tweets to polls: Linking text sentiment to public opinion time series, ICWSM, 2010. ,
Using three states for binary consensus on complete graphs, IEEE INFOCOM 2009, pp.2527-2535, 2009. ,
Using social media to predict the future: A systematic literature review, 2017. ,
Sentiment aggregate functions for political opinion polling using microblog streams, Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computer Science &; Software Engineering, C3S2E '16, pp.44-50, 2016. ,
Voter models on heterogeneous networks, Phys. Rev. E, vol.77, p.41121, 2008. ,
Towards passive political opinion polling using twitter, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol.1110, pp.19-34, 2013. ,
Election forecasts with twitter: How 140 characters reflect the political landscape, Soc. Sci. Comput. Rev, vol.29, issue.4, pp.402-418, 2011. ,
Brexit election: Forecasting a conservative party victory through the pound using arima and facebook's prophet, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics, vol.2020, pp.123-128, 2020. ,
Voter model with stubborn agents on strongly connected social networks, 2020. ,
Voting models in random networks, 2010 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA), pp.1-7, 2010. ,
Binary opinion dynamics with stubborn agents, ACM Trans. Econ. Comput, vol.1, issue.4, 2000. ,
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, Table 1: Evolution of the estimates for the proportion of stubborn agents ps ? 0 , s ? 1 q over time, Left: United Kingdom. Right: United States