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, Creteil, France) on cryopreserved PBMC. PBMC were rested overnight and then stimulated (6h, 37°C, 5% CO2) with HIV peptide pools (1µg/ml) in the presence of co-stimulatoy molecules (anti-CD28 and anti-CD49d antibodies (1µg/ml)) and a protein transport inhibitor (Golgi Plug (1 µl/ml)) (BD Biosciences, To assess antigen-specific T-cell responses, ICS assay was performed in a centralized laboratory
, Saint Aubin, France) and with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3 Alexa700, anti-CD4 PE, and anti-CD8 efluor 780; all from BD Biosciences) for 15 min at room temperature. After fixation and permeabilization using Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (BD Biosciences) for 20 min and staining with anti-IFN-g PerCpCy5.5, -TNF-? PE-Cy7 and -IL-2 APC (all BD Biosciences) for 20 minutes at room temperature, PBMCs were re-suspended in Paraformaldéhyde 1% (BD Biosciences) and stored at 4°C until analysis, ) served as positive control. After stimulation, cells were stained for dead cells with an amine-reactive dye (LIVE/DEAD Aqua, Invitrogen, Life Technologies, vol.640, p.561
, At least 250,000 events gated on CD3 + were collected and analyzed using Boolean gating, and 405 nm) cytometer (BD Biosciences), analyzed using FlowJo software version 9, vol.9