?. ?????, ?. ?????, and ?. ????????????, ??????? ????? ?? ?????? Available at: http://ikfia, ?????? ????. ?, 1978.

E. Schrödinger, What is life? The physical aspect of the living cell, 1944.

J. Watson and F. Crick, THE STRUCTURE OF DNA, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, vol.18, pp.123-131, 1953.
DOI : 10.1101/SQB.1953.018.01.020

F. Crick, On protein synthesis Available at, Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol, vol.12, pp.138-63, 1958.

R. Feynman, There's plenty of room at the bottom, Eng. Sci, vol.23, issue.5, pp.22-36, 1960.

J. Vincent, O. Bogatyreva, N. Bogatyrev, A. Bowyer, and A. Pahl, Biomimetics: its practice and theory, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.3, issue.9, pp.471-482, 2006.
DOI : 10.1098/rsif.2006.0127
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1664643

D. Endy, Foundations for engineering biology, Nature, vol.42, issue.7067, pp.449-453, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature04342

A. Arkin and D. Endy, A Standard Parts List for Biological Circuitry, DARPA White Papers, pp.1-7, 1999.

K. Müller and K. Arndt, Standardization in Synthetic Biology
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-61779-412-4_2

A. Torrance, L. Kahl, P. Bhatia, and A. Jain, Bringing Standards to Life: Synthetic Biology Standards and Intellectual Property Available at: http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/sccj30&id=2 11&div=&collection= Synthetic Biology for the Development of Biodrugs and Designer Crops and the Emerging Governance Issues, Methods Mol. Biol. St. Cl. High Technol. Law J. Systems and Synthetic Biology, vol.81330, issue.2015, pp.23-43199, 2012.

S. Reardon, First CRISPR clinical trial gets green light from US panel Available at, Nature, 2016.
DOI : 10.1038/nature.2016.20137

A. Cachat, E. Liu, W. Hohenstein, P. Davies, J. Ruder et al., A library of mammalian effector modules for synthetic morphology Available at Synthetic biology moving into the clinic Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885773 Generation of a vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant Available at: http://www Synthesizing biomolecule-based Boolean logic gates, J. Biol. Eng. Science. Nat. Protoc. ACS Synth. Biol, vol.833392, issue.1604722, pp.261248-52396, 2011.

Y. Chang, L. Rettberg, and A. Treuner-lange, ??????? ??. ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????, ???????? ? ???? ???: ????-???? Available at: http://trizland.ru/trizba/books/1763/. 20. ????? ??. ?????????? ???????? -?????????? ? ??????? ?????. ??????????????? ??????. ??????? 2-. ?.: ????????? ????; 2011. 21 Architecture of the type IVa pilus machine Transgenic chicken, mice, cattle, and pig embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer into pig oocytes Available at, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol Science. Cell. Reprogram. Science, vol.1035115339, issue.46126, pp.322-81371, 1101.

A. Denkewalter, R. Tishler, M. D. Research, ?. Whence, W. Paterson et al., Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progress in Drug Research / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques Available at: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-0348-7059-7_1 Heritable Radiosensitive and DNA Repair-Deficient Disorders in Man In: Chromosome Damage and Repair Available at Available at, Basel: Birkhäuser Basel Friedl KE. U.S. Army Research on Pharmacological Enhancement of Soldier Performance. J. Strength Cond. Res, vol.196629, issue.1981, pp.11-31335, 2015.

?. ?????, . ????????-?????-??????????-??????????, O. Mahgoub, S. Baqir, F. B. Purchas et al., Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Isam_Kadim/publication/272 522939_Cultured_meat_from_muscle_stem_cells_A_review_of_challen ges_and_prospects/links/54ef07380cf2e55866f3e58b.pdf. 29. Glick BR. Plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications Available at, J. Integr. Agric. Scientifica (Cairo), vol.142012963401, issue.2, pp.222-233963401, 2012.

?. ???????? and ?. ????????, The second skin: ecological role of epibiotic biofilms on marine organisms Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936927, ????????????????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ??????: ????; 2012. Available at, p.292, 2012.

J. Aron, The $100 million plan to get to Alpha Centauri, New Scientist, vol.230, issue.3069
DOI : 10.1016/S0262-4079(16)30641-8

Y. Kuruma, H. Matsubayashi, and T. Ueda, Autonomous construction of synthetic cell membrane, ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL LIFE, vol.2013, pp.9-10, 2013.
URL : https://mitp-web2.mit.edu/sites/default/files/titles/content/ecal13/978-0-262-31709-2-ch002.pdf

M. Elowitz, A. Levine, and E. Siggia, Stochastic Gene Expression in a Single Cell, Science, vol.297, issue.5584, pp.1183-1189, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1070919

A. Rekhi, R. Qutub, and A. , Systems approaches for synthetic biology: a pathway toward mammalian design Available at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2013.00285/ab stract, Stolovicki E, Braun E. Collective Dynamics of Gene Expression in Cell Populations Imhof A):e20530. Available at, pp.285-324, 2011.

P. Perez-Pinera, N. Han, S. Cleto, Synthetic biology and microbioreactor platforms for programmable production of biologics at the point-of-care, Nature Communications, vol.7, pp.12211, 2016.
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms12211

A. Carrel and C. Lindberg, The culture of organs, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol.196, issue.5, pp.732, 1938.

L. Adleman, Molecular computation of solutions to combinatorial problems, Science, vol.266, issue.5187, pp.1021-1024, 1994.
URL : http://www.cs.duke.edu/courses/cps296.4/spring04/papers/Adleman94.pdf

B. Wang, R. Kitney, and N. Joly, Engineering modular and orthogonal genetic logic gates for robust digital-like synthetic biology, Nature Communications, vol.26
DOI : 10.1038/ncomms1516
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207208