M. Abadi, L. Cardelli, B. Pierce, and G. Plotkin, Dynamic typing in a statically-typed language, Proc. POPL, 1989.

L. [. Agrawal, B. G. Demichiel, and . Lindsay, Static type checking of multimethods, Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming : Systems, Languages and Applications, 1991.

S. Abiteboul, P. Kanellakis, and E. Waller, Method schemas, Proceedings of the fourth ACM Symposium on the Principles of Database Systems, 1990.

E. Amiel, Schémas orientés-objet : ExceptionsàExceptions`Exceptionsà la cohérence Comportementale et Envoi de Multi-Méthodes, 1994.

D. G. Bobrow, K. Kahn, G. Kiczales, L. Masinter, M. Stefik et al., Common- Loops: Merging Lisp and object-oriented programming, Proceedings of the first International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming : Systems, Languages and Applications, 1986.

J. Banerjee, W. Kim, H. J. Kim, and H. F. Korth, Semantics and implementation of schema evolution in object-oriented databases, Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management Of Data, 1987.

]. A. Bor88 and . Borgida, Modeling class hierarchies with contradictions, Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management Of Data, 1988.

]. A. Bor89 and . Borgida, Type systems for querying class hierarchies with non-strict inheritance, Proceedings of the eight ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, 1989.

]. K. Bru93 and . Bruce, Safe type-checking in a statically-typed object-oriented programming language, Proc. POPL, 1993.

]. L. Car84 and . Cardelli, A semantics of multiple inheritance, Proceedings of the Symposium on Semantics of Data Types LNCS 173, 1984.

]. R. Cat94, Cattell, editor. The Object Database Standard: ODMG-93, 1994.

P. Canning, W. Cook, W. Hill, and W. Olthoff, F-bounded polymorphism for objectoriented programming, Proc. Intl. Conf. on Functional Programming and Computer Architecture, 1989.

F. Cattaneo, A. Coen-porisini, L. Lavazza, and R. Zicari, Overview and progress report of the ESSE project : Supporting object-oriented database schema analysis and evolution, Proceedings of the eleventh International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems, 1993.

R. [. Connor and . Morrison, Subtyping without tears, Proc. Australian Computer Science Conference, 1992.

D. [. Connor, R. Mcnally, and . Morrison, Subtyping and Assignment in Database Programming Languages, Proceedings of the second International workshop on Database Programming Languages, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-59623-0_13

]. W. Coo89 and . Cook, A proposal to make Eiffel type-safe, proceedings of the third European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, 1989.

A. Coen-porisini, L. Lavazza, and R. Zicari, Updating the schema of an object-oriented database, IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin, vol.14, pp.33-37, 1991.

P. [. Cardelli and . Wegner, On understanding types, data abstraction, and polymorphism, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.17, issue.4, pp.471-522, 1985.
DOI : 10.1145/6041.6042

]. S. Dan90 and . Danforth, Multi-targetted virtual functions for OODB, INRIA Proceedings of the sixth Journées Bases de Données Avancées, 1990.

L. G. Demichiel, D. D. Chamberlin, B. G. Lindsay, R. Agrawal, and M. Arya, Polyglot: extensions to relational databases for sharable types and functions in a multi-language environment, Proceedings of IEEE 9th International Conference on Data Engineering, 1993.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDE.1993.344014

S. Danforth and E. Simon, The Next Generation of Information Systems -from Data to Knowledge, chapter A Data and Operation Model for Advanced Database Systems, 1992.

M. [. Formica and . Missikoff, Correctness of ISA hierarchies in Object-Oriented database schemas, Proc. EDBT, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-57818-8_54

G. [. Kemper and . Moerkotte, Object-Oriented Database Management: Applications in Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.

]. J. Laj93 and . Lajoie, The new language extensions, C++ Report, vol.5, issue.6, pp.47-52, 1993.

]. R. Mck92 and . Mckenzie, An Algebraic Model of Class, Inheritance, and Message Passing, 1992.

J. Melton, ISO Working Draft) SQL Persistent Stored Modules (SQL/PSM)

]. B. Mey92 and . Meyer, EIFFEL : The Language, 1992.

W. B. Mugridge, J. Hamer, and J. G. Hosking, Multi-methods in a statically-typed programming language, Proceedings of the fifth European Conference on Object- Oriented Programming, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0057029

O. L. Madsen, B. Magnusson, and B. Moller-pedersen, Strong typing of object-oriented languages revisited, Proc. ECOOP-OOPSLA, 1990.

]. E. Wal91 and . Waller, Schema updates and consistency, Proceedings of the second International Conference on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases LNCS 566, 1991.

D. [. Zdonik and . Maier, Fundamentals of object-oriented databases, chapter Fundamentals of object-oriented databases, pp.1-32, 1989.

I. Unité-de-recherche, V. Lorraine, and I. Unité-de-recherche, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, pp.38031-38032

I. Unité-de-recherche and . Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004.