]. R. Ahmed91 and . Ahmed, The Pegasus heterogeneous multidatabase system, Computer, vol.24, issue.12, 1991.
DOI : 10.1109/2.116885

]. Y. Arens93, C. Y. Arens, C. Chee, C. A. Hsu, and . Knoblock, RETRIEVING AND INTEGRATING DATA FROM MULTIPLE INFORMATION SOURCES, International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, vol.02, issue.02, 1993.
DOI : 10.1142/S0218215793000071

]. T. Barsalou92, D. Barsalou, and . Gangopadhay, M(DM): an open framework for interoperation of multimodel multidatabase systems, [1992] Eighth International Conference on Data Engineering, 1992.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDE.1992.213189

]. P. Buneman95, D. Buneman, and . Maier, The Data That You Won't Find In Databases: Tutorial panel on data exchange formats, Proc. ACM Sigmod, panel session, 1995.

M. Carey, Towards heterogeneous multimedia information systems: the Garlic approach, Proceedings RIDE-DOM'95. Fifth International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering-Distributed Object Management, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/RIDE.1995.378736

]. R. Cattell93, The Object Database Standard -ODMG 93, 1993.

. Chakravarthy, S. Chakravarthy, W. Whang, and S. B. Navathe, A logic-based approach to query processing in federated databases, Information Sciences, vol.79, issue.1-2, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-0255(94)90037-X

]. S. Chaudhuri93, K. Chaudhuri, and . Shim, Query Optimization in The Presence of Foreign Functions, Int. Conf. on VLDB, 1993.

]. W. Du92, R. Du, M. Krishnamurthy, and . Shan, Query optimization in heterogeneous DBMS, Int. Conf. on VLDB, 1992.

]. D. Florescu94, P. Florescu, and . Valduriez, Rule-based Query Processing in the IDEA System, Int. Symp. on Advanced Database Technologies and Their Integration, 1994.

]. W. Kim93 and . Kim, On resolving schematic heterogeneity in multidatabase systems, Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01263333

W. Kirk, A. Y. Levy, Y. Sagiv, and D. Srivastava, The Information Manifold, Distributed and Parallel Databases, 1993.

]. R. Krishnamurthy91, W. Krishnamurthy, W. Litwin, and . Kent, Language Features for Interoperability of Databases with Schematic Discrepancies, ACM SIGMOD Int. Conf, 1991.

]. L. Lakshmanan93, F. Lakshmanan, I. N. Sadri, and . Subramanian, On the logical foundations of schema integration and evolution in heterogeneous database systems, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-57530-8_6

]. A. Levy95a, D. Levy, T. Srivastava, and . Kirk, Data model and query evaluation in global information systems, Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, vol.16, issue.3?4, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00962627

A. Y. Levy, A. O. Mendelzon, Y. Sagiv, and D. Srivastava, Answering Queries Using Views, Proceedings of the ACM PODS Symposium, 1995.

]. R. Miller93, Y. E. Miller, R. Ioannidis, and . Ramakrishnan, The Use of Information Capacity in Schema Integration and Translation, Int. Conf. on VLDB, 1993.

]. G. Mitchell93, U. Mitchell, S. Dayal, and . Zdonik, Control of an extensible query optimizer: A planning-based approach, Int. Conf. on VLDB, 1993.

[. Group, The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, 1992.

T. Özsu and P. Valduriez, Principles of Distributed Database Systems, 1991.

]. L. Raschid94, Y. Raschid, B. Chang, and . Dorr, Query Transformation Techniques for Interoperable Query Processing in Cooperative Information Systems, Int. Conf. on Coop. Information Systems, 1994.

A. Sheth and J. Larson, Federated database systems for managing distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous databases, ACM Computing Surveys, vol.22, issue.3, 1990.
DOI : 10.1145/96602.96604

J. D. Ullman, Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems, 1988.

I. Rr-n?2561n?2561-unité-de-recherche and I. Lorraine, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, pp.38031-38032

I. Unité-de-recherche, . Rocquencourt, . Domaine-de-voluceau, and . Rocquencourt, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, pp.78153-0249, 2004.