Abstract : For a string rewriting system, it is known that termination by a simplification ordering implies multiply recursive complexity. This theoretical upper bound is, however, far from having been reached by known examples of rewrite systems. All known methods used to establish termination by simplification yield a primitive recursive bound. Furthermore, the study of the order types of simplification orderings suggests that the recursive path ordering is, in a broad sense, a maximal simplification ordering. This would imply that simplifying string rewrite systems cannot go beyond primitive recursion. Contradicting this intuition, we construct here a simplifying string rewriting system whose complexity is not primitive recursive. This leads to a new lower bound for the complexity of simplifying string rewriting systems