. As-for-ro, The transition t 0 has the own eect (b, R) deleting (b, g) which clearly is not needed in the rest of P + (s); it has the side eect f g = 1 deleting f g = 0 which clearly is not needed in the rest of P + (s) Thus the oDG + -relevant deletes of t 0 are P + >0 (s)-recoverable. In case (b), similarly we can reorder P + (s) so that either (1) pickup(g, b, L) is the rst operator in P + (s), or (2) its only predecessor is move(R, L). The transition t 0 has the own eect (b, g) deleting (b, L) which clearly is not needed in the rest of P + (s) It has the side eect f g = 0 deleting f g = 1, that latter fact may be needed by other pickup operators in P + (s)

. However, which are applicable after board(l, c); drop(g, b, R) recovers f g = 1. Thus, again, the oDG + -relevant deletes of t 0 are P + >0 (s)-recoverable. Hence, in both cases, we can apply Theorem 2. cost d * (oDG + ) = 1 in cases (a1) and (b1), so there we get the bound 0, ro) = 2 in cases (a2) and (b2) so there we get the bound 1

C. Bäckström and B. Nebel, PLANNING, Computational Intelligence, vol.7, issue.3, p.625655, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(94)90005-1

L. Avrim, M. L. Blum, and . Furst, Fast planning through planning graph analysis, Articial Intelligence, vol.90, issue.12, p.279298, 1997.

B. Bonet and H. Gener, Planning as heuristic search, Artificial Intelligence, vol.129, issue.1-2, p.533, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0004-3702(01)00108-4

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(01)00108-4

A. Botea, M. Müller, and J. Schaeer, Using component abstraction for automatic generation of macro-actions, p.181190

R. Brafman and C. Domshlak, Structure and complexity in planning with unary operators, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.18, p.315349, 2003.

T. Bylander, The computational complexity of propositional STRIPS planning, Artificial Intelligence, vol.69, issue.1-2, p.165204, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(94)90081-7

H. Chen and O. Giménez, Causal graphs and structurally restricted planning, Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol.76, issue.7, p.579592, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcss.2009.10.013

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2009.10.013

C. Domshlak and Y. Dinitz, Multi-agent oine coordination

S. Edelkamp and M. Helmert, Exhibiting Knowledge in Planning Problems to Minimize State Encoding Length, Recent Advances in AI Planning. 5th European Conference on Planning (ECP'99), p.135147, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/10720246_11

M. Fox and D. Long, The automatic inference of state invariants in TIM, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.9, p.367421, 1998.

M. Fox and D. Long, The detection and exploitation of symmetry in planning problems, Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (IJCAI-99), p.956961, 1999.

R. Michael, D. S. Garey, and . Johnson, Computers and IntractabilityA Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, 1979.

A. Gerevini and A. Howe, Amedeo Cesta, and Ioannis Refanidis, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS9), 2009.

A. Gerevini, A. Saetti, and I. Serina, Planning through stochastic local search and temporal action graphs, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.20, p.239290, 2003.

A. Gerevini and L. Schubert, Inferring state-constraints for domain independent planning, Proceedings of the 15th National Conference of the American Association for Articial Intelligence (AAAI-98), p.905912, 1998.

O. Giménez and A. Jonsson, The complexity of planning problems with simple causal graphs, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.31, p.319351, 2008.

O. Giménez and A. Jonsson, The inuence of k-dependence on the complexity of planning, Gerevini et al. [15], p.138145

O. Giménez and A. Jonsson, Planning over chain causal graphs for variables with domains of size 5 is NP-hard, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.34, p.675706, 2009.

P. Haslum and H. Gener, Heuristic planning with time and resources, Cesta and Borrajo, p.121132

P. Haslum, Reducing accidental complexity in planning problems, Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (IJCAI-07), pages 18981903, 2007.

M. Helmert, Complexity results for standard benchmark domains in planning, Artificial Intelligence, vol.143, issue.2, p.219262, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0004-3702(02)00364-8

M. Helmert, A planning heuristic based on causal graph analysis, p.161170

M. Helmert, The fast downward planning system, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.26, 2006.

M. Helmert and C. Domshlak, Landmarks, critical paths and abstractions: What's the dierence anyway?, p.162169

J. Homann, Local search topology in planning benchmarks: An empirical analysis, Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (IJCAI-01), p.453458, 2001.

J. Homann, Utilizing Problem Structure in Planning: A Local Search Approach, volume 2854 of Lecture Notes in Articial Intelligence, 2003.

J. Homann, Wherèignoring delete lists' works: Local search topology in planning benchmarks, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.24, pp.685-758, 2005.

J. Homann and B. Nebel, The FF planning system: Fast plan generation through heuristic search, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.14, p.253302, 2001.

J. Homann and B. Nebel, RIFO revisited: Detecting relaxed irrelevance, Cesta and Borrajo, p.325336

J. Homann, J. Porteous, and L. Sebastia, Ordered landmarks in planning, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.22, p.215278, 2004.

A. Jonsson, The role of macros in tractable planning, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.36, p.471511, 2009.

P. Jonsson and C. Bäckström, Incremental planning, European Workshop on Planning, 1995.

P. Jonsson and C. Bäckström, State-variable planning under structural restrictions: algorithms and complexity, Artificial Intelligence, vol.100, issue.1-2, p.125176, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0004-3702(98)00003-4

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0004-3702(98)00003-4

E. Karpas and C. Domshlak, Cost-optimal planning with land- marks

M. Katz and C. Domshlak, New islands of tractability of costoptimal planning, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.32, p.203288, 2008.

M. Katz and C. Domshlak, Structural patterns heuristics via fork decomposition, Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS-10), p.182189, 2008.

C. Knoblock, Automatically generating abstractions for planning, Artificial Intelligence, vol.68, issue.2, p.243302, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(94)90069-8

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.32.4337

D. Long and M. Fox, Automatic synthesis and use of generic types in planning, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Articial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS-00), 2000.

V. Drew and . Mcdermott, Using regression-match graphs to control search in planning, Articial Intelligence, vol.109, issue.12, p.111159, 1999.

B. Nebel, Y. Dimopoulos, and J. Koehler, Ignoring irrelevant facts and operators in plan generation, Recent Advances in AI Planning. 4th European Conference on Planning, p.338350, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-63912-8_97

S. Richter, M. Helmert, and M. Westphal, Landmarks revisited, Proceedings of the 23rd National Conference of the American Association for Articial Intelligence (AAAI-08), p.975982, 2008.

S. Richter and M. Westphal, The LAMA planner: Guiding costbased anytime planning with landmarks, Journal of Articial Intelligence Research, vol.39, p.127177, 2010.

J. Rintanen, An iterative algorithm for synthesizing invariants, Proceedings of the 17th National Conference of the American Association for Articial Intelligence (AAAI-00), p.806811, 2000.

M. Roberts and A. Howe, Learning from planner performance, Artificial Intelligence, vol.173, issue.5-6, p.636561, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.artint.2008.11.009

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2008.11.009

V. Vidal, A lookahead strategy for heuristic search planning, p.150160

C. Brian, P. P. Williams, and . Nayak, A reactive planner for a model-based executive, Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Articial Intelligence (IJCAI-97, p.11781185, 1997.

I. Centre-de-recherche, ?. Nancy, and L. Est, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois -Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique -BP 101 -54602 Villers-lès