A. Barr, Global and local deformations of solid primitives, Computer Graphics, no, pp.21-30, 1984.

C. Bregler and J. Malik, Tracking people with twists and exponential maps, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231), 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/CVPR.1998.698581

Q. Dela99-]-delamarre and O. Faugeras, 3D articulated models and multi-view tracking with silhouettes, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp.716-721, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/ICCV.1999.790292

J. Deut00-]-deutscher, A. Blake, and I. Reid, Articulated body motion capture by annealed particle filtering, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662), pp.126-133, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/CVPR.2000.854758

R. Fletcher, Practical Methods of Optimization, 1987.
DOI : 10.1002/9781118723203

. Gavr96, D. Gavrila, and L. Davis, 3-D Model Based Tracking of Humans in Action:a Multiview Approach, Proc. CVPR, pp.73-80, 1996.

D. Hogg, Specifications for a standard humanoid, available at http://www.hanim .org/Specifications/H-Anim1, Wormholes in Shape Space: Tracking through discontinuities changes in shape, Proc. ICCV, pp.334-349, 1998.

N. Howe99-]-howe, M. Leventon, and W. Freeman, Bayesian Reconstruction of 3D Human Motion from Single-Camera Video, Proc. ANIPS, 1999.

I. Kakadiaris and D. Metaxas, Model- Based Estimation of 3D Human Motion with Occlusion Prediction Based on Active Multi- Viewpoint Selection, Proc. CVPR, pp.81-87, 1996.

R. Kimmel, D. Shaked, N. Kiryati, and A. M. Bruckstein, Skeletonization via Distance Maps and Level Sets, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol.62, issue.3, pp.382-391, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/cviu.1995.1062

J. Macc00-]-maccormick and M. Isard, Partitioned sampling, articulated objects, and interface-quality hand tracker, Proc. ECCV, pp.3-19, 2000.

R. L. Ogni95a-]-ogniewicz, Automatic Medial Axis Pruning by Mapping Characteristics of Boundaries Evolving under the Euclidean Geometric Heat Flow onto Voronoi Skeletons, 1995.

R. L. Ogni95b-]-ogniewicz and . O. Kubler, Hierarchic Voronoi Skeletons, Pattern Recognition, nr, pp.343-359, 1995.

J. Rehg and T. Kanade, Model-based tracking of self-occluding articulated objects, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp.612-617, 1995.
DOI : 10.1109/ICCV.1995.466882

R. Rosales and S. Sclaroff, Inferring body pose without tracking body parts, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662), pp.721-727, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/CVPR.2000.854946

J. A. Seth96-]-sethian, A fast marching level set method for monotonically advancing fronts., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci, pp.1591-1595, 1996.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.4.1591

J. A. Seth99-]-sethian, Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods, 1999.

. Sidd99, K. Siddiqi, S. Bouix, A. Tannenbaum, and S. W. Zucker, The Hamilton-Jacobi Skeleton, Proc. Intl. Conf. on Computer Vision ICCV '99, pp.828-834, 1999.

. Side00, H. Sidenbladh, M. Black, and D. Fleet, Stochastic Tracking of 3D Human Figures Using 2D Image Motion, Proc. ECCV, pp.702-718, 2000.

. Smin01a, C. Sminchisescu, and B. Triggs, A Robust Multiple Hypothesis Approach to Monocular Human Motion Tracking, research report INRIA-RR-4208, 2001.

. Smin01b, C. Sminchisescu, and B. Triggs, Covariance-Scaled Sampling for Monocular 3D Body Tracking, Proc. CVPR, pp.447-454, 2001.

. Smin01c, C. Sminchisescu, and A. Telea, A Framework for Generic State Estimation in Computer Vision Applications, Proc. ICVS, 2001.

J. Sull99-]-sullivan, A. Blake, M. Isard, and J. Maccormick, Object localization by Bayesian correlation, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp.1068-1075, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/ICCV.1999.790391

D. Terz88-]-terzopoulos, A. Witkin, and M. Kass, Constraints on deformable models:Recovering 3D shape and nonrigid motion, Artificial Intelligence, vol.36, issue.1, pp.91-123, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0004-3702(88)90080-X

B. Trig00-]-triggs, P. Mclauchlan, R. Hartley, and A. Fitzgibbon, Bundle Adjustment -A Modern Synthesis, Vision Algorithms: Theory and Practice, LNCS, vol.1883, pp.298-372, 2000.

S. Wachter and H. Nagel, Tracking of persons in monocular image sequences, Proceedings IEEE Nonrigid and Articulated Motion Workshop, pp.174-192, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/NAMW.1997.609843

. Wren, C. Wren, and A. Pentland, DYNAMAN; A Recursive Model of Human Motion, 2000.

S. C. Zhu97-]-zhu and D. Mumford, Learning Generic Prior Models for Visual Computation, IEEE Trans. PAMI, vol.19, issue.11, pp.1236-1250, 1997.