.. Déploiements-de-capteurs-urbains, topologie en étoile (gauche) et topologie multi-sauts (droite), p.11

.. Au-médium, Taxonomie proposé pour l'état de l'art sur les protocoles de contrôle d'accès, p.29

D. Graphe-acyclique, les liens en gras représentent les liens qui ont été ajouté à l'arbre de recouvrement pour constituer le DAG. Ces liens ajoutent de la redondance à la structure et offrent ainsi des chemins alternatifs dans l'éventualité d'une indisponibilité du lien primaire, p.59

A. Avec-répétitions and .. , Probabilité de non délivrance, débit 100bits, p.126

. Bibliographie, 21 ideas for the 21st century, Business Week, issue.1, pp.78-167, 1999.

T. Winter and P. Thubert, RPL : IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks, p.6550, 2012.
DOI : 10.17487/rfc6550

T. Instruments, june) CC1011 chip specifications, 2011.

E. Commission, Commission decision of 20 december 2005 on the harmonisation of the 169,4-169,8125 mhz frequency band in the community

T. Watteyne, Energy-efficient self-organization for wireless sensor networks, 2008.

A. Goldsmith, Wireless communications, 2005.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511841224

E. B. Hamida, G. Chelius, and J. M. Gorce, Impact of the Physical Layer Modeling on the Accuracy and Scalability of Wireless Network Simulation, SIMULATION, vol.85, issue.9, pp.574-588, 2009.
DOI : 10.1177/0037549709106633

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00412150

T. K. Sarkar, Z. Ji, K. Kim, A. Medouri, and M. Salazar-palma, A survey of various propagation models for mobile communication Antennas and Propagation Magazine, pp.5-6

D. Barthel, october) Projet aresa 2 Available : http: //aresa2.orange-labs.fr/ [17] Ville de Paris. (2012, june) Eclairage public à paris, 2013.

H. Zimmermann, OSI Reference Model--The ISO Model of Architecture for Open Systems Interconnection, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.28, issue.4, pp.425-432, 1980.
DOI : 10.1109/TCOM.1980.1094702

A. Bachir, M. Dohler, T. Watteyne, and K. K. Leung, MAC Essentials for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol.12, issue.2, pp.222-248, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/SURV.2010.020510.00058

G. Corbellini, Adaptive medium access control for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690964

W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, Medium Access Control With Coordinated Adaptive Sleeping for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.12, issue.3
DOI : 10.1109/TNET.2004.828953

D. L. Mills, Internet time synchronization : the network time protocol, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.3, issue.9

J. Polastre, J. Hill, and D. Culler, Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '04, pp.95-107, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1031495.1031508

M. Buettner, G. V. Yee, E. Anderson, and R. Han, X-MAC, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '06, pp.307-320, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1182807.1182838

G. Ahn, S. G. Hong, E. Miluzzo, A. T. Campbell, and F. Cuomo, Funneling-MAC, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '06, pp.293-306, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1182807.1182837

S. C. Ergen and P. Varaiya, PEDAMACS: power efficient and delay aware medium access protocol for sensor networks, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol.5, issue.7, pp.920-930, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TMC.2006.100

K. Pister and L. Doherty, TSMP : Time synchronized mesh protocol, Distributed Sensor Networks

K. Arisha, M. Youssef, and M. Younis, Energy-Aware TDMA-Based MAC for Sensor Networks, IEEE IMPACCT
DOI : 10.1007/0-306-47720-3_2

M. Brownfield, K. Mehrjoo, A. Fayez, N. Davis, and I. , Wireless sensor network energy-adaptive mac protocol The aloha system : another alternative for computer communications, Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference, pp.281-285, 1970.

V. Rajendran, K. Obraczka, and J. J. Garcia-luna-aceves, Energy-Efficient, Collision-Free Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks, vol.5, issue.2, pp.63-78, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11276-006-6151-z

K. Jamieson, H. Balakrishnan, and Y. Tay, Sift: A MAC Protocol for Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, pp.260-275, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11669463_20

W. Ye, F. Silva, and J. Heidemann, Ultra-low duty cycle MAC with scheduled channel polling, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '06, pp.321-334, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1182807.1182839

I. Rhee, A. Warrier, M. Aia, J. Min, and M. L. Sichitiu, Z-MAC, Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '05, pp.511-524, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1098918.1098929

G. Lu, B. Krishnamachari, and C. S. Raghavendra, An adaptive energy-efficient and low-latency mac for data gathering in wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the 18th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS).I E E E, p.224, 2004.

Y. Sun, O. Gurewitz, and D. B. Johnson, RI-MAC, Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems, SenSys '08, pp.1-14, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1460412.1460414

M. Ringwald and K. Romer, Bitmac : A deterministic, collision-free, and robust mac protocol for sensor networks, Proceeedings of the Second European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks.I E E E, pp.5-7

E. Ziouva and T. Antonakopoulos, CSMA/CA performance under high traffic conditions: throughput and delay analysis, Computer Communications, vol.25, issue.3, pp.313-321, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-3664(01)00369-3

V. Rajendran, J. J. Garcia-luna-aveces, and K. Obraczka, Energy-efficient, application-aware medium access for sensor networks, IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems Conference, 2005., p.8
DOI : 10.1109/MAHSS.2005.1542852

L. F. Van-hoesel and P. Havinga, A lightweight medium access protocol (lmac) for wireless sensor networks : Reducing preamble transmissions and transceiver state switches, Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, 2004.

T. Van-dam and K. Langendoen, An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '03, pp.171-180, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/958491.958512

A. Bachir, D. Barthel, M. Heusse, and A. Duda, Micro-Frame Preamble MAC for Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications
DOI : 10.1109/ICC.2006.255236

J. Kim, H. Kim, S. Kim, S. Choi, and J. Lee, Advanced MAC Protocol with Energy-Efficiency for Wireless Sensor Networks, Information Networking. Convergence in Broadband and Mobile Networking, pp.283-292, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-30582-8_30

G. P. Halkes and K. Langendoen, Crankshaft: An Energy-Efficient MAC-Protocol for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, pp.228-244, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-69830-2_15

J. Pak, J. Son, and K. Han, A MAC Protocol Using Separate Wakeup Slots for Sensor Network, Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA, pp.1159-1168, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/11751588_123

E. Lin, J. M. Rabaey, and A. Wolisz, Power-efficient rendez-vous schemes for dense wireless sensor networks, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577), pp.3-7
DOI : 10.1109/ICC.2004.1313259

R. Kuntz, A. Gallais, and T. Noël, Auto-adaptive MAC for energy-efficient burst transmissions in wireless sensor networks, 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, pp.2-3
DOI : 10.1109/WCNC.2011.5779166

K. Wong and D. Arvind, SpeckMAC, Proceedings of the second international workshop on Multi-hop ad hoc networks: from theory to reality , REALMAN '06, pp.71-78, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1132983.1132996

S. Liu, K. Fan, and P. Sinha, CMAC, ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol.5, issue.4
DOI : 10.1145/1614379.1614381

T. Walteyne, A. Bachir, M. Dohler, D. Barthe, and I. Augé-blum, 1-hopMAC: An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Avoiding 1 -hop Neighborhood Knowledge, 2006 3rd Annual IEEE Communications Society on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, pp.6-9
DOI : 10.1109/SAHCN.2006.288524

L. Bernardo, R. Oliveira, M. Pereira, M. Macedo, and P. Pinto, A Wireless Sensor MAC Protocol for Bursty Data Traffic, 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp.1-5
DOI : 10.1109/PIMRC.2007.4394732

C. J. Merlin and W. B. Heinzelman, Schedule Adaptation of Low-Power-Listening Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol.9, issue.5, pp.6-7
DOI : 10.1109/TMC.2009.153

N. Abramson, Packet switching with satellites National Computer Conference and Exposition, ser. AFIPS '73, Proceedings of the, pp.695-702, 1973.
DOI : 10.1145/1499586.1499751

A. El-hoiydi and J. D. Decotignie, WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks, Proceedings. ISCC 2004. Ninth International Symposium on Computers And Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8769)
DOI : 10.1109/ISCC.2004.1358412

O. Gnawali, R. Fonseca, K. Jamieson, D. Moss, and P. Levis, Collection tree protocol, Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys '09, pp.1-14, 2009.
DOI : 10.1145/1644038.1644040

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.148.8534

T. Clausen, J. Yi, and A. C. De-verdiere, LOADng: Towards AODV Version 2, 2012 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), pp.1-5
DOI : 10.1109/VTCFall.2012.6399334

I. Amadou and F. Valois, Pizza Forwarding: A Beaconless Routing Protocol Designed for Realistic Radio Assumptions, 2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, pp.4-9
DOI : 10.1109/SENSORCOMM.2010.80

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00540856

S. Dawson-haggerty, A. Tavakoli, and D. Culler, Hydro: A Hybrid Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks, 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications, pp.2-6
DOI : 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622053

P. Bose, P. Morin, I. Stojmenovi?, and J. Urrutia, Routing with guaranteed delivery in ad hoc wireless networks Wireless networks

R. Fonseca, S. Ratnasamy, J. Zhao, C. T. Ee, D. Culler et al., Beacon vector routing : Scalable point-to-point routing in wireless sensornets, Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation, pp.329-342, 2005.

E. H. Elhafsi, N. Mitton, and D. Simplot-ryl, Cost over Progress Based Energy Efficient Routing over Virtual Coordinates in Wireless Sensor Networks, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, pp.1-6, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/WOWMOM.2007.4351801

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00383999

I. Stojmenovic, Handbook of sensor networks : algorithms and architectures, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/047174414X

S. Biswas and R. Morris, Exor : opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks, ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, pp.133-144, 2005.

J. Carnley, B. Sun, and S. K. Makki, TORP: TinyOS Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks, 2011 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), pp.1-1
DOI : 10.1109/CCNC.2011.5766346

W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp.1-1
DOI : 10.1109/HICSS.2000.926982

W. B. Heinzelman, A. P. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, An applicationspecific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol.14

V. Mhatre and C. Rosenberg, Homogeneous vs heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: a comparative study, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577), pp.3646-3651, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/ICC.2004.1313223

A. Manjeshwar and D. P. , TEEN: a routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks, Proceedings 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IPDPS 2001, pp.1-8
DOI : 10.1109/IPDPS.2001.925197

S. Lindsey and C. S. Raghavendra, PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems, Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference, pp.3-1125
DOI : 10.1109/AERO.2002.1035242

O. Younis and S. Fahmy, HEED: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol.3, issue.4, pp.3-6
DOI : 10.1109/TMC.2004.41

H. Luo, F. Ye, J. Cheng, S. Lu, and L. Zhang, TTDD: Two-Tier Data Dissemination in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks, vol.4, issue.5, pp.161-175, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11276-004-4753-x

T. Watteyne, I. Augé-blum, M. Dohler, and D. Barthel, Anybody : a selforganization protocol for body area networks, Proceedings of the ICST 2nd international conference on Body area networks. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), p.6, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00405104

J. Carle and D. Simplot-ryl, Energy-efficient area monitoring for sensor networks, Computer, vol.37, issue.2
DOI : 10.1109/MC.2004.1266294

P. Jacquet, A. Laouiti, P. Minet, and L. Viennot, Performance analysis of olsr multipoint relay flooding in two ad hoc wireless network models, The second IFIP-TC6 NETWORKING Conference
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00072327

F. Xiangning and S. Yulin, Improvement on LEACH Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network, 2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications (SENSORCOMM 2007), pp.2-6
DOI : 10.1109/SENSORCOMM.2007.4394931

Q. Lampin, D. Barthel, and F. Valois, Efficient Route Redundancy in DAG-Based Wireless Sensor Networks, 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, pp.1-6
DOI : 10.1109/WCNC.2010.5506360

C. E. Perkins and E. M. Royer, Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing, Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA).I E E E , 1 9 9 9

R. W. Group, june) Roll working group homepage, 2012.

J. Vasseur, M. Kim, K. Pister, N. Dejean, and D. Barthel, Routing metrics used for path calculation in low power and lossy networks, " draft-ietf-roll-routing-metrics-19

P. Levis, T. Clausen, J. Hui, O. Gnawali, and J. Ko, The trickle algorithm, Internet Engineering Task Force
DOI : 10.17487/rfc6206

T. Clausen, P. Jacquet, C. Adjih, A. Laouiti, P. Minet et al., Optimized link state routing protocol (olsr), p.3626, 2003.
DOI : 10.17487/rfc3626

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00471712

J. Faruque and A. Helmy, Gradient-based routing in sensor networks, ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol.7, issue.4, pp.5-5, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/965732.965742

F. Ye, G. Zhong, S. Lu, and L. Zhang, GRAdient Broadcast: A Robust Data Delivery Protocol for Large Scale Sensor Networks, Wireless Networks, vol.1, issue.2, pp.2-8, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11276-005-6612-9

J. Newsome and D. Song, GEM, Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '03, pp.76-88, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/958491.958501

T. Watteyne, K. Pister, D. Barthel, M. Dohler, and I. Auge-blum, Implementation of Gradient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks, GLOBECOM 2009, 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, pp.1-6, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/GLOCOM.2009.5425543

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00415839

D. S. De-couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, R. Morris, T. Watteyne et al., A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing Wireless Networks,v o l .1 1 ,n o Geographic forwarding in wireless sensor networks with loose position-awareness, Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).I E E E, pp.1-5

K. R. Gabriel and R. R. Sokal, A New Statistical Approach to Geographic Variation Analysis, Systematic Zoology, vol.18, issue.3
DOI : 10.2307/2412323

A. Caruso, S. Chessa, S. De, and A. Urpi, GPS free coordinate assignment and routing in wireless sensor networks, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies., pp.150-160, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/INFCOM.2005.1497887

J. Bruck, J. Gao, and A. Jiang, MAP, Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking , MobiCom '05
DOI : 10.1145/1080829.1080839

B. Leong, B. Liskov, and R. Morris, Greedy Virtual Coordinates for Geographic Routing, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, pp.71-80
DOI : 10.1109/ICNP.2007.4375838

A. Rao, S. Ratnasamy, C. Papadimitriou, S. Shenker, and I. Stoica, Geographic routing without location information, Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking , MobiCom '03, pp.96-108, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/938985.938996

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.113.8405

T. Watteyne, I. Augé-blum, M. Dohler, S. Ubéda, and D. Barthel, Centroid virtual coordinates ??? A novel near-shortest path routing paradigm, Computer Networks, vol.53, issue.10, pp.1697-1711, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.comnet.2008.12.017

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00404280

T. Watteyne, D. Simplot-ryl, I. Augé-blum, and M. Dohler, On using Virtual Coordinates for Routing in the Context of Wireless Sensor Networks, 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp.1-5, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/PIMRC.2007.4394536

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00405106

S. Ganeriwal, R. Kumar, and M. B. Srivastava, Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks, Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems , SenSys '03, pp.138-149, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/958491.958508

S. Yoon, C. Veerarittiphan, and M. L. Sichitiu, Tiny-sync, ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol.3, issue.2, p.8, 2007.
DOI : 10.1145/1240226.1240228

M. L. Sichitiu and C. Veerarittiphan, Simple, accurate time synchronization for wireless sensor networks, 2003 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking, 2003. WCNC 2003., pp.1266-1273, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/WCNC.2003.1200555

J. Elson, L. Girod, and D. Estrin, Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts, SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, vol.6, pp.1-4, 2002.

M. Maróti, B. Kusy, G. Simon, and Á. Lédeczi, The flooding time synchronization protocol, Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, pp.39-49, 2004.

J. Van-greunen and J. Rabaey, Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks, Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications , WSNA '03, pp.11-19, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/941350.941353

K. Noh and E. Serpedin, Pairwise Broadcast Clock Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks, 2007 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, pp.1-6
DOI : 10.1109/WOWMOM.2007.4351793

W. Su and I. F. Akyildiz, Time-diffusion synchronization protocol for wireless sensor networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol.13, issue.2, pp.3-8, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/TNET.2004.842228

Z. G. Abichar and J. M. Chang, CONTI: Constant-Time Contention Resolution for WLAN Access, Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols ; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks ; Mobile and Wireless Communications Systems, pp.358-369, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/11422778_29

J. Galtier, Graphs and Algorithms in Communication Networks : Studies in Broadband , Optical, Wireless, and Ad Hoc Networks, 2009.

T. Instruments, june) CC2420 chip specifications, 2012.

P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar, The capacity of wireless networks Information Theory, IEEE Transactions, vol.6, issue.2

K. Srinivasan and P. Levis, RSSI is Under-Appreciated, Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Embedded Networked Sensors (EmNets)

Z. Zhao, B. Rouvio, R. Ojeda, J. Galtier, and P. Brown, Enhanced qos 802.11 n prototype including a tournament contention function, Proceedings of the Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).I E E E

M. Güngör, Y. Bulut, and S. Çal?k, Distributions of order statistics, Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol.31, issue.6

Q. Lampin, D. Barthel, I. Augé-blum, and F. Valois, Cascading Tournament MAC: Low power, high capacity medium sharing for wireless sensor networks, 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp.1-5
DOI : 10.1109/WCNC.2012.6214027

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00697713

M. Dohler, D. Barthel, R. Maraninchi, L. Mounier, S. Aubert et al., The ARESA Project: Facilitating Research, Development and Commercialization of WSNs, 2007 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, pp.5-9
DOI : 10.1109/SAHCN.2007.4292871

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00294180