Introduction: The International Working Group recommended the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) as a sensitive detector of the amnesic syndrome of the hippocampal type in typical Alzheimer's disease (AD). But does it differentiate AD from other neurodegenerative diseases? Methods: We assessed the FCSRT and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in 992 cases. Experts , blinded to biomarker data, attributed in 650 cases a diagnosis of typical AD, frontotemporal dementia, posterior cortical atrophy, Lewy body disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, primary progressive aphasias, " subjective cognitive decline, " or depression. Results: The FCSRT distinguished typical AD from all other conditions with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 75%. Non-AD neurodegenerative diseases with positive AD CSF biomarkers (" atypical AD ") did not have lower FCSRT scores than those with negative biomarkers. Discussion: The FCSRT is a reliable tool for diagnosing typical AD among various neurodegener-ative diseases. At an individual level, however, its specificity is not absolute. Our findings also widen the spectrum of atypical AD to multiple neurodegenerative conditions.