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Article Dans Une Revue IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems Année : 2023

PALS: Distributed Gradient Clocking on Chip

Résumé

Consider an arbitrary network of communicating modules on a chip, each requiring a local signal telling it when to execute a computational step. There are three common solutions to generating such a local clock signal: 1) by deriving it from a single, central clock source; 2) by local, free-running oscillators; or 3) by handshaking between neighboring modules. Conceptually, each of these solutions is the result of a perceived dichotomy in which (sub)systems are either clocked or asynchronous. We present a solution and its implementation that lies between these extremes. Based on a distributed gradient clock synchronization (GCS) algorithm, we show a novel design providing modules with local clocks, the frequency bounds of which are almost as good as those of free-running oscillators, yet neighboring modules are guaranteed to have a phase offset substantially smaller than one clock cycle. Concretely, parameters obtained from a 15-nm application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) simulation running at 2 GHz yield mathematical worst-case bounds of 20 ps on the phase offset for a 32×32 node grid network.

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hal-04266029 , version 1 (31-10-2023)

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Johannes Bund, Matthias Függer, Moti Medina. PALS: Distributed Gradient Clocking on Chip. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 2023, 31 (11), pp.1740-1753. ⟨10.1109/TVLSI.2023.3311178⟩. ⟨hal-04266029⟩
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