Determining correlates of protection is critical to the development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. And even when a correlate of protection has been identified, it is important to understand what level of that correlate needs to be achieved to provide protection from an event (which may be infection, transmission, or symptom severity...). In Alexandre et al. (eLife, 2022), we proposed a model-based approach to identify mechanistic correlates of protection based on dynamic modeling of viral dynamics and data mining of immunological markers using non-human primates studies (NHP). We have shown that RBD/ACE2 binding inhibition is a potent mechanism of protection against infection. Based on the analysis of the reproductive number in the animals, we propose a quantitative method to define a threshold for this correlate of protection against infection. We also extend the model to jointly describe the viral dynamics and the dynamics of the humoral response in naive, convalescent, and vaccinated NHP infected with SARS-CoV-2. We apply the method to three different studies in NHP investigating SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on CD40 targeting, two-component spike nanoparticles, and mRNA. Additional authors: Marie Alexandre Univ. Bordeaux, Inria, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health, France; R. Marlin Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Roger le Grand Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Y. Levy AP-HP Hopital Mondor, Vaccine Research Institute, Creteil, France. R. Thiébaut Univ. Bordeaux, Inria, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health, France https://2023.smb.org/IMMU/MS01-IMMU-1.html