Epidemiological and evolutionary management of plant resistance: optimizing the deployment of cultivar mixtures in time and space in agricultural landscapes

Frédéric Fabre 1 Elsa Rousseau 2, 3, 4 Ludovic Mailleret 2, 3 Benoît Moury 4
1 UMR SAVE - Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA)
2 ISA - Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis]
3 BIOCORE - Biological control of artificial ecosystems
LOV - Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche, CRISAM - Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée , INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
4 AVI-PATHO - Station de Pathologie Végétale
Abstract : The management of genes conferring resistance to plant–pathogens should make it possible to control epidemics (epidemiological perspective) and preserve resistance durability (evolutionary perspective). Resistant and susceptible cultivars must be strategically associated according to the principles of cultivar mixture (within a season) and rotation (between seasons). We explored these questions by modeling the evolutionary and epidemiological processes shaping the dynamics of a pathogen population in a landscape composed of a seasonal cultivated compartment and a reservoir compartment hosting pathogen year-round. Optimal deployment strategies depended mostly on the molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions and on the agro-ecological context before resistance deployment, particularly epidemic intensity and landscape connectivity. Mixtures were much more efficient in landscapes in which between-field infections and infections originating from the reservoir were more prevalent than within-field infections. Resistance genes requiring two mutations of the pathogen avirulence gene to be broken down, rather than one, were particularly useful when infections from the reservoir predominated. Combining mixture and rotation principles were better than the use of the same mixture each season as (i) they controlled epidemics more effectively in situations in which within-field infections or infections from the reservoir were frequent and (ii) they fulfilled the epidemiological and evolutionary perspectives.
Mots-clés : pathologie végétale maladie des plantes résistance variétale évolution génétique des populations durabilité des résistances épidémiologie végétale rotation des cultures modèle spatialisé prévention des maladies gestion du paysage mélange de variétés gène de résistance agroécosystème
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Article dans une revue
Evolutionary Applications, Blackwell, 2015, 8 (10), pp.919-932. 〈10.1111/eva.12304〉
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Frédéric Fabre, Elsa Rousseau, Ludovic Mailleret, Benoît Moury. Epidemiological and evolutionary management of plant resistance: optimizing the deployment of cultivar mixtures in time and space in agricultural landscapes. Evolutionary Applications, Blackwell, 2015, 8 (10), pp.919-932. 〈10.1111/eva.12304〉. 〈hal-01239676〉

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